202 WATCHDOGS AND HOUSE-DOGS. 



The ears must, in any case, be small. They must be one of 

 three shapes, -which are as follows, and are valued in the order 

 given below : — First, the " rose " ear, in which the tip falls 

 outwards, not quite half-way down; secondly, the "button," 

 where the tip falls forward, almost completely hiding the inside ; 

 and thirdly, the " tulip," which stands erect like that of the fox, 

 or, in the dog, the spitz and Esquimaux. In all cases the ears 

 should be set on very high, but not carried absolutely on the top 

 of the skull. 



Face, upper jaw, and, nostrils. — The upper jaw should be full in 

 the cheek-bones ; the nasal bones and their cartilages must be 

 very short, sloping back at an angle of 45 from the upper teeth. 

 This shortness of face is a point greatly insisted on, and has been 

 " bred to " by selection since the time of Mr. Stockdale's " Top," 

 who was, in his day, considered perfect in this respect. At 

 present, his face would be too long for what is regarded as perfec- 

 tion in this respect. The shortness of face was originally selected 

 in order to give the dog the power of breathing when holding the 

 bull by the soft and swelling lip; which, with an ordinary square 

 nose, would plug up the nostrils. Why, since bull-baiting was 

 given up, this point should be of any further importance, I am 

 at a loss to know, but modern breeders have out-Heroded Herod. 

 The nose should be broad, moist, and of a black colour. Those 

 which are pink, called " Dudley," or " Butterfly," that is, parti- 

 coloured, are objected to. 



The chop (upper lip) should cover the teeth, and, if possible, 

 hang down over them. 



The mouth and lower jaw must be wide, and the latter square 

 and turned up in front of the upper jaw like a spoon. The tusks 

 should be set very wide apart, and be of full size. The incisors 

 should be even and regular, but are very often the reverse. 



