THE BULLDOG. 203 



The neck should be long, considering the thickness of the 

 body. It should be well arched, with a strong muscular develop- 

 ment. In front there should be a strong double fold of skin 

 (dew-lap). 



Shoulders and chest. — The blades must be long and strong, but 

 they are not oblique, owing to the great width of chest. This 

 must be very wide and moderately deep, giving a great girth. 

 From this formation the brisket forms one side of a triangle, 

 which is almost or quite equilateral, the other two sides being 

 made up by the ribs. 



The hack should be short and arched at the loin, or, as it is 

 called, " roached." It should be strongly connected with the loin 

 by the long dorsal muscles, which should be readily traceable 

 almost into the neck. The back ribs are short, giving the dog a 

 tucked-up appearance in the flank. 



The tail must be set low, and should be fine and rather short. 

 A slight twist is admired, but this often degenerates into a decided 

 " screw," or abortive tail, which is not penalised, but still is not 

 admired. It should not be carried high or much curved upwards. 



Fore-legs and feet. — The fore-legs are so wide apart as to make 

 this dog look out at his elbows, even if they are quite straight, 

 the true arm widening from the joint. The fore-arm is bowed 

 in appearance from the development of muscle called the " calf " 

 on the outside, but the bone should really be straight. The 

 ankles should be upright, but are often very much down from 

 want of exercise during rearing. The feet should be well split 

 up in the toes, which should properly be arched ; but such a 

 formation is seldom seen, and many breeders even " go in " for a 

 splay foot. 



Hind-legs and feet. — The stifles should turn out, and the hocks 



