WORMS. 485 



Santonine is an admirable remedy, when it can be procured in a 

 pure state. The brown is the best, of which from one half to three 

 grains is the dose, mixed with from five to fifteen grains of jalap, 

 and given at intervals of a week. 



Gowhage, powdered tin, and glass, all act by their mechanical 

 irritation, and may be given without the slightest fear at any time. 

 The first should be mixed with treacle, and a teaspoonful or two 

 given occasionally. The second and third are better mixed with 

 butter, the dose being as much as can be heaped upon a 

 shilling. 



Spirit of turpentine is without doubt the most efficacious of all 

 worm medicines ; but, if not given with care, it is apt to upset the 

 health of the dog, by irritating the mucous membrane of the ali- 

 mentary canal, and of the kidneys also. I am satisfied, however, 

 that it is not necessary to give it in its undiluted form, and that 

 by mixing it with oil its dangerous qualities are altogether sup- 

 pressed. I have known young puppies, under two months of age, 

 cleared of worms without the slightest injury, by giving them from 

 three to ten drops, according to their size, in a teaspoonful of oil. 

 The old plan was to tie up the turpentine in a piece of bladder, 

 which is then to be given as a bolus ; but this is either broken in 

 the throat, causing suffocation by getting into the windpipe, or it 

 is dissolved in the stomach, which is then irritated by the almost 

 caustic nature of the turpentine. The ordinary dose given in this 

 way is from half a drachm to half an ounce, the latter being only 

 adapted to very strong and full-sized dogs. Certainly it is very 

 useful given in this way, if it does not irritate ; but 1 should pre- 

 fer the mixture with oil, though it is sometimes rejected from the 

 stomach. 



Kousso, when employed, should be given entire, first pouring 

 boilinc water upon it, and, when cool, adding the juice of half a 



