236 METALS. 



Obs. Magnetic iron ore occurs in extensive beds, and 

 also in disseminated crystals. It is met with in granite, 

 gneiss, mica slate, clay slate, syenite, hornblende, and chlo. 

 rite slate ; and also sometimes in limestone. 



The beds at Arendal, and nearly all the Swedish iron ore, 

 consist of massive magnetic iron. At Dannemora and the 

 Taberg in Southern Sweden, and also in Lapland at Kurun- 

 avara and Gelivara, there are mountains composed of it. 



In the United States, extensive beds occur in Warren, 

 Essex, and Clinton counties, N. Y. ; also in Orange, Putnam, 

 Saratoga, and Herkimer counties ; at Mount Desert and 

 Marshall's Island, Maine ; in Somerset, Vermont ; in Bcr- 

 nardstown and Hawley, Massachusetts ; at Franconia, Lis- 

 bon, and Winchester, New Hampshire. The mountainous 

 districts of New Jersey and Pennsylvania afford this ore, and 

 also the eastern side of Willis mountain in Buckingham 

 county, Virginia. Crystals occur in New Hampshire,, at 

 Franconia in epidote ; also at Swanzey, (near Keene,) Unity, 

 and Jackson; in Vermont, at Marlboro', Bridge water and 

 Troy, in chlorite slate ; in Connecticut, at Haddam ; in Maine, 

 at Raymond, Davis's Hill, in an epidotic rock ; in New York, 

 at Warwick, Orange county, and also at O'Neil mine 5 in 

 New Jersey, at Hamburgh, near the Franklin furnace ; in 

 Maryland, at Deer Creek ; in Pennsylvania, at Morgantown, 

 Berks county ; also in the south part of Chester county. 



Masses of this ore in a state of magnetic polarity, consti- 

 tute what is called lodestone or native magnets. They are 

 met with in many beds of the ore. Siberia and the Hartz 

 have afforded fine specimens ; also the island of Elba. They 

 also occur at Marshall's Island, Maine ; also near Providence, 

 Rhode Island. The lodestone is called magnes by Pliny, 

 from the name of the country, Magnesia, (a province of an- 

 cient Lydia,) where it was found ; and it hence gave the 

 terms magnet and magnetism to science. 



Uses. No ore of iron is more generally diffused than 

 the magnetic ore, and none is superior for the manufacture 

 of iron. The ore after pounding may be separated from im 

 purities by means of a magnet ; and machines are in use in 

 northern New York and elsewhere, for cleaning the ore on 

 a large scale for furnaces. 



How does magnetic iron occur 1 What are its uses ? What is said 

 of lodestone ? 



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