276 METALS. 



and the neighboring deposits of Carinthia/ At Freiberg in 

 Saxony, it occupies veins in gneiss ; in the Upper Hartz, and 

 at Przibram in Bohemia, it traverses clay slate ; at Sahk, 

 Sweden, it occurs in crystalline limestone ; the ore of Lead- 

 hills, England, is in graywacke. There are other valuable 

 beds of galena, in France at Poullaouen and Huelgoet, Brit- 

 tany, and at Villefort, department of Lozere ; in Spain in the 

 granite hills of Linares, in Catalonia, Grenada and else- 

 where ; in Savoy ; in Netherlands at Vedrin, not far from 

 Namur ; in Bohemia, southwest of Prague ; in Joachimstahl, 

 w r here the ore is worked principally for its silver ; in Siberia 

 in the Daouria mountains in limestone, argentiferous and 

 worked for the silver. 



The deposits of this ore in the United States are remark- 

 able for their extent. They abound in what has been called 

 " cliff limestone," in the states of Missouri, Illinois, Iowa, and 

 Wisconsin ; argillaceous iron, iron pyrites, calamine, (" dry 

 bone" of the miners,) blende,. (" black jack,") carbonate 

 and sulphate of lead, are the most common associated min- 

 erals, together often with ores of copper and cobalt. In 

 1720, the lead mines of Missouri were discovered by Francis 

 Renault and M. La Motte ; and the La Motte mine is still 

 known by this name. Afterwards, the country passed into 

 the hands of the Spaniards, and during that period a valu- 

 able mine was opened by Mr. Burton, since called Mine a 

 Burton. The mines of Missouri are contained in the coun- 

 ties of Washington, Jefferson, and Madison. 



The lead region of Wisconsin, according to Dr. D. D. 

 Owen, comprises 62 townships in Wisconsin, 8 in Iowa, and 

 10 in Illinois, being 87 miles from east to west, and 54 miles 

 from north to south. The ore, as in Missouri, is inexhaust- 

 ible, and throughout the region, there is scarcely a square 

 mile in which traces of lead may not be found. The prin- 

 cipal indications in the eyes of miners, as stated by Mr. 

 Owen, are the following : fragments of calc spar in the soil, 

 unless very abundant, which then indicate that the vein is 

 wholly calcareous or nearly so ; the red color of the soil on 

 the surface, arising from the ferruginous clay in which the 

 ead is often imbedded ; fragments of lead (" gravel mineral,") 

 long with the crumbling magnesian limestone, and dendritic 

 pecks distributed over the rock ; also, a depression of the 



What is said of the e\-ter.*. ot the United States mines? 



