GOLD. 315 



of which was from Siberia, cast of the Urals. In 1843, the 

 yield was nearly 60,000 pounds troy, or about $13,000,000 ; 

 in 1845 it amounted to $13,250,000; and in 1840, to 1722-716 

 poods, equal to 75,353 troy pounds, and $18,500,000.* 



At the Transylvania mines >f Voiospatak, the gold is ob. 

 tained by mining, and these mines have been worked since 

 the time of the Romans. 



The annual yield of Europe, exclusive of Russia, is not 

 above $1,000,000. Austria afforded in 1844, 6785 mark*. 

 The sands of the Rhone, Rhine and Danube contain i$o!d in 

 small quantities. The Rhine has been most productive be- 

 tween Bale and Manheim ; but at present only $9000 are 

 extracted annually. The sands of the richest quality contain 

 only about 56 parts of gold in a hundred millions ; sands 

 containing less than half this proportion are worked. The 

 whole amount of gold in the auriferous sand of the Rhine 

 is estimated at $30,000,000, but it is mostly covered by soil 

 under cultivation. 



Africa yields annually at least 4500 pounds troy, ($850,000,) 

 and Southern Asia and the East Indies 25,000 pounds. 



The mines of South America and Mexico were estimated 

 by Humboldt to yield annually about $11,500,000 ; but the 

 amount is now not over $10,000,000. Brazil of late has 

 furnished about 6000 pounds troy ; New Grenada, etc., 

 15,000; Peru 1900; Bolivia 1200; Chili 3000; in all for 

 South America 27,100 pounds. Mexico yields about 10,000 

 pounds annually. It is estimated that between 1790 and 1830, 

 Mexico produced $31,250,000 in gold, Chili $13,450,000, 

 and Buenos Ayres $19,500,000, making an average annual 

 yield of $16,0*50,000. 



The whole product of Europe, Asia, Africa and South 

 America, is not far from 125,000 pounds troy, annually ; and 

 this is far less than is derived at the present time from either 

 Australia or the United States. 



The gold mines of Australia afford at this time about 



What amount was furnished by Russia in 1846 ? What is the annual 

 yield of the other mines of Europe ? 



* The value of gold, silver and platinum, coined in Russia from 1644 

 to 1844, at present rates equals 545,360,317 silver -ubles, or 4f 9,020,000 

 dollars, in addition to which, during the same period, the value of 

 37,500,000 dollars in copper was coined. 



