THE PENNSYLVANIAN PERIOD 



167 



Foreign Pennsylvanian 



Europe. — Viewed in a broad way, the Pennsylvanian of 

 Europe presents certain interesting parallels with North America. 

 Thus in Europe, sandstone or conglomerate, corresponding to our 

 Potts ville, often lies at the base of the system. Above this, in 



Fig. 97 

 Sketch map showing the relations of land and water in Europe during 

 Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) time. Finer dotted areas 

 were covered by marine water, and coarser dotted areas repre- 

 sent lagoons or basins of continental deposition. (Slightly modified 

 after De Lapparent.) 



western Europe, are the Coal Measures consisting of shales, sand- 

 stones, and some limestones together with numerous beds of coal, 

 and in every way much like the Coal Measures of eastern North 

 America (Fig. 95). In western and southern Europe the rocks are 

 largely true marine limestones and free from coal, though some 

 coal does exist in southern Russia. 



Igneous rocks were intruded into the strata of western Europe 



