394 



INDEX 



Organisms, changes in, 2, 3; modern 



relations, 10. 

 Oriskany, formation, 121-122; time, 



126. 

 Oriskanian series, 121-122. 

 Ornithopods, 263, 271-272. 

 Orthoceras, 97-99. 

 Orthodesma, 96. 

 Osage series, 143, 146; time, 148, 



155. 

 Osborn, H. F., 192, 264, 267, 268, 



270, 321, 326. 

 Osmeroides, 261. 

 Osteolepis, 139. 

 Ostracoderms, 13, 21, 119, 137-138, 



157. 

 Ostrea, 230, 258-259, 314. 

 Oswegan series, 103-104. 

 Oswego formation, 103, 104. 

 Overwash plain, 338. 

 Owen, R., 179, 317. 

 Oysters, 13, 20, 229, 258, 313-314. 

 Ozarkian, 65. 

 Ozark Mountains, 84, 148. 



Paintings, Paleolithic, 379-380. 



Paleaster, 134. 



Paleasterina, 93. 



Paleogeography, 29-31 (see also 

 maps) . 



Paleolithic Age, 374; Men, 376-380; 

 paintings, 379-380. 



Paleontology, definition, 3. 



Paleophonus, 117. 



Paleospondylus, 136-137. 



Paleozoic era, 32, 56-200; summary 

 of history, 194-200; rocks, 194; 

 physical history, 195-197; climate, 

 197, 200; summary of life, 198- 

 199; organic history, 200. 



Palisades, of the Hudson, 208, 277. 



Palms, 312-313. 



Pamelia formation, 78. 



Panama, 9. 



Paradoxides, 57, 75. 



Pareiasaurus, 192. 



Pascagoula formation, 282, 287. 



Patagonia, 255. 



Patapsco formation, 237, 240. 



Patriofelis, 326. 



Patten, W., 138. 



Patuxent formation, 237, 240. 



Peach, B. N., 117. 



Peale, A. C, 250. 



Pelagiella, 74. 



Pelecypods, 13, 19-20, 74-75, 94-96, 

 117, 135, 156, 175, 191, 214, 230, 

 258-259, 313-315. 



Pelmatozoans, 13, 16, 17, 173. 



Pemphix, 215. 



Pennsylvania, Ordovician, 90; Devo- 

 nian, 122, 124, 132, 142; Missis- 

 sippian, 143, 145, 147, 150, 153; 

 Pennsylvanian, 158, 160-164, 166, 

 169; Permian, 180, 181-182; Cre- 

 taceous, 251; Quaternary, 355, 

 356. 



Pennsylvanian period, 32, 158-180; 

 origin of name, 158; subdivisions, 

 158; rock distribution, 159-160; 

 character of rocks, 161-163; thick- 

 ness, 163; igneous rocks, 163; 

 physical history, 163-166; length 

 of time, 166; foreign, 167-168; 

 climate, 168; economic products, 

 168-169; life of, 169-180. 



Pentacrinus, 227. 



Pentamerus, 117, 156. 



Pentrimites, 155. 



Period, 31, 32. 



Perissodactyls, 319-321. 



Permian, period, 32, 180-193; origin 

 of name, 180; subdivisions. 180; 

 rock distribution, 181-182; char- 

 acter of rocks, 181-182; thick- 

 ness, 182; igneous rocks, 182; 

 physical history, 183-188; foreign, 

 187-189; climate, 189-190; eco- 

 nomic products, 190; life of, 191- 

 193. 



Persia, 225. 



Peru, 89. 



Petrifaction, 5. 



PfurtscheUer, 16. 



Phacops, 137. 



Phanerogams, 11, 12, 154, 170. 



