E. W. Berry — Carboniferous Plants from Peru. 193 



Artlirophyta — Calamariales — Calamariaceae. 



4 Calamites suckowii Brongn. 



5 Calamostacliys sp. 



Lepidophyta — Lepidodendrales — Lepidodendraceae. 



6 Lepidodendron rimosum Sternb. 



7 Lepidodendron obovatum Sternb. 



8 Lepidophyllum sp. 



9 Lepidostrobus sp. 



10 Stigmaria sp. 



11 Knorriasp. 



It is thus extremely limited, although some of the ele- 

 ments are exceedingly common, and this is especially true 

 of Palmatopteris fur cat a, Eremopteris whitei, Calamites 

 suckoivii and Lepidodendron rimosum. I imagine that 

 the coarseness of the sediments and the apparent drifting 

 of the material is mainly responsible for the absence of a 

 more representative flora. Thus the present collections 

 contain no traces of Sigillaria, Cordaites, Sphenophyllum, 

 calamite foliage, nor of any Neuropterids, Pecopterids, 

 Alethopterids or Lonchopterids. It is this feature of the 

 flora which is undoubtedly responsible for the opinon of 

 Steinmann, quoted on a preceding page, that the Paracas 

 flora is of Lower Carboniferous age. 



A somewhat similar situation is furnished by the flora 

 of the Kuttung series of New South Wales, where the 

 so-called Rhacopteris flora appears to be wholly lacking 

 in Neuropteris, Alethopteris and Pecopteris. Walkom, 

 however, and quite rightly I believe, correlates this Kut- 

 tung flora with the Westphalian stage of the European 

 section. 



The nearest known occurrence of marine Carboniferous 

 in Peru is at LIuanta, Dept. of Ayacucho, 277 km. N.E. of 

 Paracas. The only known outcrop of the marine. Carbon- 

 iferous west of the "Western Range is at Cotahuasi, Dept. 

 of Arequipa. This is about 150 km. inland from the pres- 

 ent coast and about 395 km. S.E. of Paracas. 



Continental Carboniferous, mostly of unknown age, is 

 more widely distributed in South America than has been 

 suspected. Thus there are some continental sediments in 

 the lower part of the section on the Copacabanya peninsula, 

 and Titicaca Island, at the Cerro de Lacctacucho, Sicuani, 

 Dept. of Cuzco, at the Pongo Mainique on the Urubamba, 



