LECTURE VII. 



The Carboniferous Systesi. 



1. Introductory. 2. The Carboniferous System. 3. The Coal-measures. 4. Coal- 

 field of Derbyshire. 5. Coalbrook Dale. 6. Nature of Coal deposits. 7. Mode 

 of Deposition of the Coal-measures. 8. The Great Dismal Swamp of Virginia. 

 9. Erect Trees in the Carboniferous Deposits. 10. Upright Trees at Wolverhamp- 

 ton and St. Etienne. 11. Coal-measures of Nova Scotia. 12. Coal-shales and 

 Vegetable Remains. 13. Millstone Grit. 14. Carboniferous Limestone. 15. Derby- 

 shire Lead-mines. 16. Carboniferous system of Devonshire. 17. Trap rocks 

 and Dikes of the Carboniferous system. 18. Faults in the Coal-measures. 19. 

 Geographical distribution of the Carboniferous Strata. 20. Carboniferous System 

 of North America. 21. Organic remains of the Carboniferous System. 22. Or- 

 ganization of Vegetables. 23. Climate and Seasons indicated by Fossil Wood. 

 24. Microscopical examination of Fossil Trees. 25. Nature of Coal. 26. Liebig 

 on the formation of Coal. 27. Bitumen, Petroleum, Naphtha. 28. The Diamond. 

 29. Anthracite, Plumbago, &c. 30. Petrifaction of Vegetables. 31. Artificial 

 Vegetable Petrifactions. 32. Silicification of Vegetables. 33. Fossil plants of 

 the Coal. 34. Equisetaceous Plants. 35. Fossil Ferns. 36. Sigillaria. 37. Srig- 

 maria. 38. Lepidodendron. 39. Coniferous Trees and Plants. 40. Flora of the 

 Coal. 41. Atmospheric conditions during the Carboniferous epoch. 42. Forma- 

 tion of Coal-measures. 43. Coal-measures from submerged Lands. 44. Echino- 

 dermata of the Carboniferous System. 45. Shells of the Carboniferous System. 

 46. Crustaceans and Insects. 47. Fishes of the Carboniferous System. 48. Rep- 

 tiles of the Carboniferous Epoch. 49. Climate of the Palaeozoic Ages. 50. 

 Retrospect and Botanical Epochs. 



1. Introductory. — From the contemplation of the 

 changes produced on the earth's surface by the agency of 

 minute beings whose nature and economy are known only 

 to the instructed, observer, we resume the geological argu- 

 ment from which we have for a while digressed, and enter 

 upon the examination of the series of strata deposited 

 during the period immediately antecedent to the Permian 

 formation described in the fifth Lecture. 



