CEDAR WAXWING. 173 



is 3^ twelfths in breadth. The stomach, d e, is a small moderately 

 muscular gizzard, of a roundish form, 7^ twelfths in length, and 8 twelfths 

 in breadth; its lateral muscles well defined, the right 3 twelfths, the 

 left 2j twelfths thick; the tendons oblong and of moderate size; the 

 epithelium dense, tough, longitudinally rugous, and of a reddish colour. 

 The liver is extremely large, the right lobe 1 inch 8 twelfths in its greatest 

 length, the left 8 twelfths. The intestine,/^ h ij, is short, and of excessive 

 width, its length 7^ inches, its breadth in the duodenal portion 4^ twelfths, 

 and so continuing with little diminution to the end. The duodenum, f g h } 

 curves at the distance of 1$ inches, passes forwards, as usual, to beneath the 

 liver, then runs down the right side, bends to the left, curves again to the 

 right over the duodenum, and crossing to the right over the stomach, 

 terminates in the rectum. The cceca, i, are 2 J twelfths long, and \\ twelfths 

 in width; their distance from the extremity 8 twelfths. There is no decided 

 cloacal enlargement. In the oesophagus are several small berries; the 

 stomach is filled with berries and seeds, and the intestine contains a very 

 great number of the latter, so that this bird evidently has not the power of 

 pounding and digesting such as are hard. The same circumstance is 

 observed in Woodpeckers, through the intestines of which seeds pass 

 unchanged. 



In another individual, the oesophagus is turgid with globular berries, 2 

 twelfths in diameter, so as to form an elongated crop, lying on the right side 

 of the neck, and extending over it behind. 



The trachea is 2\ inches long, of the uniform width of 1 twelfth, con- 

 siderably flattened, of 80 pretty firm entire, and 2 dimidiate rings. The 

 muscles of the inferior larynx, although four in number, are remarkably 

 small, compared with those of a Thrush. The bronchi are slender, of 18 

 half rings. The lateral muscles are very slender, as are the sterno-tracheal. 



The intestine of this bird is proportionally wider than in any other 

 examined. Its oesophagus assimilates it to the Finches and Buntings; its 

 mouth, tongue, and intestine to the Swallows and Flycatchers. 



The Red Cedar. 



Jdniperus virginiana, Willd. Sp. PL, vol. iv. p. 863. Mich. Arbr. Forest, de l'Amer. 

 Septent., vol. iii. p. 42. PI. 5.— Dicecia monadelphia, Linn.— Coniferje, Juss. 



This plant is very generally distributed in the United States, and fre- 

 quently attains a height of from forty to fifty feet, with a diameter of a foot or 

 fifteen inches at the base. It is distinguished by its ternate leaves, which 



