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THE RED-BELLIED NUTHATCH. 



^Sitta canadensis, Linn. 

 PLATE CCXLVIII.— Male and Female. 



While the Brown-headed Nuthatch perambulates the southern districts, 

 the Red-bellied species spends its time in the eastern and northern States, 

 the two dividing the country, as it were, nearly equally between them. The 

 southern limits of this little bird seldom extend farther than Maryland. It 

 is more plentiful in Pennsylvania, particularly in the mountainous parts of 

 that State, and becomes still more abundant as you proceed towards Maine 

 and Nova Scotia, where the greater number spend even the coldest winters. 

 Yet I saw none in Newfoundland, and only one in Labrador, which had 

 probably been blown thither by a gale. 



I found it building its nest near Eastport in Maine, on the 19th of May, 

 before the Blue-bird had made its appearance there, and while much ice still 

 remained on the northern exposures. The nest is dug in a low dead stump, 

 seldom more than four feet from the ground, both the male and the female 

 working by turns, until they have got to the depth of about fourteen inches. 

 The eggs, four in number, are small, and of a white colour, tinged with a 

 deep blush, and sprinkled with reddish dots. They raise, I believe, only 

 one brood in the season. 



The activity and industry of this little creature are admirable. With the 

 quickness of thought it moves up and down the branches of trees, assuming 

 various positions, examining every hole or cranny in the bark, frequently 

 rapping against it with its bill, and detaching now and then small fragments, 

 in order to get at the insects or larvae concealed beneath. It searches for its 

 food among the leaves of the tallest pines, along the fences, and on the fallen 

 logs, ever busy, petulant, and noisy, probably never resting except during 

 the night, when, like other species of the tribe, it attaches itself by the feet 

 to the bark, and sleeps head downwards. Like other birds of this genus 

 also, it is careless of man, although it never suffers him to form too close an 

 acquaintance. During the breeding season, they move in pairs, and manifest 

 a strong mutual attachment. Their almost incessant hink, hinh, hink-Mnh, 

 is heard at every hop they take, but less loudly sounded than the notes of 



