244 HAIRY WOODPECKER. 



with small roundish spots, of which there are five on the outer, and four on 

 the inner web of the four longest quills, while on the outer there is only an 

 elongated spot on the inner web, and on the next one spot on the outer and 

 three on the inner. The four middle tail-feathers are black, the next also 

 black, with a small part of the inner web, and a large portion of the outer, 

 toward the end, white; the rest white, with the base black; the outermost 

 small feather almost entirely white. The lower parts are brownish-white. 



Length to end of tail 9 inches; bill along the ridge li, along the edge of 

 lower mandible 1 T %; wing from flexure 5^; tail 3j, tarsus jf ; hind toe fV, 

 its claw T 3 2; second toe T 6 2, its claw T V; third toe ^, its claw ^ fourth toe 

 T 8 2, its claw 7 V 



Adult Female. 



The female resembles the male, but wants the red occipital band. 



HAIRY WOODPECKER. 



-fPicus villosus, Linn. 



PLATE CCLXIL— Male and Female. 



This species of Woodpecker has been confounded with Picus canadensis, 

 to which it bears a great resemblance in its markings, but from which it is 

 distinguished by its smaller size, and other differences. Wilson, it appears, 

 did not believe in the existence of the Canada Woodpecker, Picus cana- 

 densis; yet his figure of the Hairy Woodpecker seems to me to be a 

 representation of that species, while his description belongs in part to both. 

 Those errors have been adopted by all his followers to the present day, 

 gh the specific distinctions between Picus villosus and P. canadensis 

 have been clearly recognised by my young friend Dr. Trttdeatj, who wrote 

 to me from Paris that both species were in the national museum there, and 

 were looked upon as the same bird. Mr. Swainson, who observed a 

 difference between the birds of the present species received from New York 

 and those of higher northern latitudes, has given an exact description and 

 figure of the bill of P. canadensis, thinking that he was describing P. 

 villosus of Linnjeus. To this he was probably led by the erroneous account 

 given of the extent of the distribution of this species northward. 



