288 THE GOLDEN-WINGED WOODPECKER. 



Length 12^ inches, extent of wings 16; bill along the ridge 1^, along the 

 gap If; tarsus 1£, middle toe li. 

 Adult Female. 



The female differs chiefly in wanting the black streaks on the throat, in 

 having the lunulated spot on the breast smaller, and in being somewhat 

 duller in the tints of the plumage generally. 

 Dimensions nearly the same. 



An adult male preserved in spirits has the interior of the mouth as in the 

 other species, its width 5^ twelfths; the posterior aperture of the nares 

 oblongo-linear, 6 twelfths in length. The tongue is 1 inch 5 twelfths long, 

 1-| twelfths in breadth at the base, gradually narrowed toward the end, with 

 a small horny rather blunt tip, on which are two series of small reversed 

 pointed papillae. The horns of the hyoid bone are recurved in the usual 

 manner, and extend to the right nasal membrane, to which their sheath is 

 attached. The other apparatus connected with the tongue is the same as in 

 the Ivory-billed Woodpecker. The pyramidal or salivary glands are very 

 large, extending half an inch beyond the articulation of the lower jaw. The 

 oesophagus is 4 inches long, of moderate width. The proventriculus is very 

 much enlarged, as in the other species, its greatest width being 8 twelfths. 

 The stomach is a muscular gizzard of moderate size, its right lateral muscle 

 twice as large as the left, the tendons very large; the epithelium strong, 

 longitudinally rugous, and reddish-brown. In the stomach are grains of 

 maize, seeds of grasses, and insects. The proventricular glands are very 

 small, and form a belt 9 twelfths in breadth at the right side, but narrower 

 toward the left. The intestine is 15 inches long, from 3 twelfths to 2\ 

 twelfths in width. There are no cceca. The cloaca is large and elliptical. 



The trachea is 2 inches 9 twelfths long, 1| twelfths in breadth, consider- 

 ably flattened, its rings, which are well ossified, 90 in number, with 2 addi- 

 tional dimidiate rings. The muscles are as in the other species; 

 but the glosso-laryngeal differ very considerably in their inser- 

 tion, as is represented by the accompanying figures, in which 

 ^ f they are seen before and behind. They come down parallel 

 to each other, as far as the commencement of the thyroid bone, 

 then diverge, each of them passing toward its own side, winding 

 behind the trachea, crossing it at the back part, reappearing in 

 front at the opposite side, and crossing obliquely to the other 

 side, thus forming a figure of eight, and finally inserted at its back part at 

 the distance of 9 twelfths from the tip of the thyroid bone. The bronchi 

 are of moderate length, narrow, of 15 half rings. 



There is a very curious gradation in the degree of elongation of the horns 

 of the hyoid bone in the different American Woodpeckers, some of which 



