FORAMINIFERA. 121 



by pseudopodial apertures, and it may be either ; ' arenaceous '" or 

 " porcellanous.'' In the other division, the test is perforated by 

 more or less numerous pseudopodial foramina, and to this division 

 the name of Perforata is applied. The following tables exhibit the 

 arrangements proposed by Carpenter, Parker, and Rupert Tones, on 

 the one hand, and Reuss, on the other hand : the former being the 

 most natural, and the one most widely adopted : — 



A. Classification of the Foramixifera, according to 

 Carpenter. Parker, and Rupert Jones. 



Sub-Order I. Imperforata. — Test membranous, calcareous, or are- 

 naceous, not perforated by pseudopodial foramina. 



Family i. Gromida. Family 2. Miliolida. 



Family 3. Lituolida. 



Sub-Order II. Perforata. — Test perforated by pseudopodial foramina, 

 generally calcareous. 



Family 1. Lagenida. Family 2. Globigeriuida. 



Family 3. Nummulinida. 



B. Classification of the Foraminifera according to Reuss. 



I. Foraminifera with a Xon-perforate Test. 



A. — With arenaceous tests. 



1. Lituolidea. 2. Uvellidea. 



B. — With compact, porcellanous, calcareous tests. 



1. Squamulinidea. 3. Peneroplidea. 



2. Miliolidea. 4. Orbitulitidea. 



II. Foraminifera with a Perforate Test. 

 A. — With a glassy, finely porous, calcareous test. 



1. Spirillinidea. 5. Polymorphinidea. 



2. Ovulitidea. 6. Cryptostegia. 



3. Rhabdoidea. 7. Textilaridea. 



4. Cristellaridea. S. Cassidulinidea. 



B. — With an exceedingly porous, calcareous test. 

 1. Rotalidea. 

 C. — With a calcareous shell, traversed by a ramified canal-system. 

 1. Polystomellidea. 2. Xummulitidea. 



On the other hand, Dr H. B. Brady, one of the highest living 

 authorities on the Foraminifera, has recently pointed out that, in the 

 light of our present knowledge, the primary division of the order 

 into the two sections of the Perforata and Imperforata cannot be 



