ARACHNIDA. 



579 



science — was founded. In this genus (fig. 435) the median dorsal 

 eye-tubercles are of very large size, and occupy almost half of the 

 cephalothorax towards the anterior margin, while the lateral eyes 

 form a semicircle behind and to the sides of the great dorsal eyes, 

 and the palpi are developed into nipping-claws of very large size. 

 According to Mr Scudder, the four genera just mentioned constitute 

 a special division of the Scorpions (Anthracoscorpii\ characterised, 

 among other points, by the fact that the dorsal eye-tubercles are 

 either placed on the anterior margin of the cephalothorax or a short 

 distance behind it. On the other hand, in the Scorpions of the 



Fig- 435- — Cyclophthalmus senior. A fossil Scorpion from the Coal-measures of Bohemia. 



more modern type (JVeoscorpii), the median eye-tubercles are, as a 

 rule, far removed from the anterior margin of the cephalothorax, and 

 are placed behind the lateral eyes. It is a singular fact that while 

 the Anthracoscorpii are wholly confined to the Palaeozoic rocks, no 

 example of the Neoscorpii has hitherto been detected in the Mesozoic 

 or in the earlier Kainozoic deposits. The only known fossil repre- 

 sentative of the Neoscorpii, in fact, is a late Tertiary form (Tityns 

 eogenns) which has been discovered in amber. 



The remaining section of the Pedipalpi is that of the Phrynidea, 

 which differs from the Scorpions in the fact that the cephalothorax 

 is sharply separated from the abdomen, and is occasionally divided 

 into two distinct regions. The maxillary palpi are greatly developed, 



