§ 13. OSTEOLOGY OF THE HERBIVORA. 141 



of strength in the claws, and a corresponding form in all 

 the bones and muscles of the foot. It is unnecessary to 

 extend these remarks, for it will easily be seen that similar 

 conclusions may be drawn with regard to all the other parts 

 of the animal.* In the Tiger and the Cat, (Ligns. 18, 19,) 

 we have a familiar illustration of what has been advanced. 



13. Osteology of the herbivora. — In animals which 

 are destined to live on vegetables we have the same mutual 

 relations ; the sharp fangs of the teeth are wanting ; the 

 enamel is not all placed on the top of the teeth as in the 

 carnivora, but arranged in deep vertical layers, alternating 

 with bony matter ; and this arrangement secures, in all 

 states of the teeth, a rough grinding surface, as in the horse 

 and the elephant. The flat molar teeth are not formed for 



Lign. 20. — Skull of the horse. 



cutting, but for mastication, and the jaws are loosely arti- 

 culated together, so as to allow of a grinding movement ; 

 had the socket and corresponding part of the jaw been the 

 same as in the tiger, the teeth could not have performed 

 their office ; in the skull of the horse (Lign. 20), this modi- 

 fication of structure is exemplified. Again, I might 



* Consult Cuvier's " Discours sur les Revolutions ;" " Lecons d'Ana- 

 tomie Comparative ;" " Ossemens Fossiles," &c. 



