162 THE WONDERS OF GEOLOGY. Lect. II 



Hippopotamus, Rhinoceros, Anoplotherium, Sus, and three species of 

 Equus; in the Ruminantia, the colossal genus Sivatherium, peculiar 

 to India, with species of Camelus, Camelopardalis, Bos, Cervus, and 

 Antelope ; in the Carnivora, species of most of the great types, to- 

 gether with several remarkable undescribed genera ; in the Rodentia, 

 several species ; in the Quadrumana, several species ; in the Reptilia, 

 a Gigantic Tortoise (Colossochelys) , with species of Emys and Trionyx, 

 and several forms of Crocodile. To these may be added the fossil 

 remains of struthious and other Birds, Fishes, Crustacea, and Mol- 

 lusca." * 



25. SUB-HlMALAYAH TERTIARY DEPOSITS. The depo- 

 sits from which these remains were obtained resemble those 

 of Ava, and consist of concretionary grit, conglomerate, 

 sandstone, and loam ; they are spread over the flanks of a 

 range of hills belonging to the Sub-Himalayan mountains, 

 between the river Sutlej and the Ganges. These hills, 

 which are called Sewalik (from Siva, an Indian deity), rise 

 to an altitude of from one to three thousand feet above the 

 level of the sea. The alluvial deposits extend about 200 

 miles in length, and seven in width, and dip to the north 

 at an angle of 25°; wherever gulleys or fissures expose 

 sections of the beds, abundance of fossil bones appear.f 

 Lignite, and trunks of dicotyledonous trees occur; a few 

 land and freshwater shells of existing species, are the only 

 vestiges of mollusca that have been observed. Remains of 

 several species of river-fish, some related to the recent 

 Silurus, have been obtained. 



The immense collection of these fossils in the British 



Museum, renders any detailed description unnecessary, and 



I will only dwell on a few of the most important particulars. 



The remains of the Elephants and mastodontoid animals, 



* " Fauna Antiqua Sivaliensis, or the Fossil Zoology of the Sewalik 

 Hills, in the north of India, by Hugh Falconer, M. D. and Major P. T. 

 Cautley." 



f See an interesting Memoir by Major Cautley; Geo!. Trans. 2d 

 Series, vol. v. p. 267. 



