§35. THE DINOTHERIUM. 173 



instances the cavities of the long bones are filled with crys- 

 tallized carbonate of lime. 



In addition to those already mentioned, the deposits 

 now under examination, contain vestiges of other lost 

 forms of mammalia. The fossil remains of an animal re- 

 sembling the Musk-ox were found with elephants' bones in 

 Siberia ; of an extinct species of Fallow-deer in Scania ; of 

 Roe-buck and Reindeer * in France ; and of gigantic Oxen, 

 Aurochs, f Deer, &c. in our own country. It is worthy of 

 remark, that the fossil pachyderms, such as the elephant, 

 rhinoceros, &c. belong to genera which are now restricted 

 to torrid climes, while the ruminants resemble those which 

 at the present time are natives of northern latitudes. 



35. The Dinotherium. J — I shall conclude this notice 

 of the fossil mammalia, with an account of a gigantic 

 creature, whose bones occur with those of the mastodon, 

 elephant, and the other terrestrial quadrupeds, previously 

 described. 



In various parts of the south of France large molar teeth, 

 resembling in form and structure those of tapirs, have 

 occasionally been found; they are described by Cuvier 

 under the name of the " Gigantic Tapir." Subsequent 

 discoveries in Bavaria, Austria, and particularly at Ep- 

 pelsheim, about twelve leagues south of Mayence, have 

 thrown light on the osteology of the original, which 

 appears to have been an aquatic animal of great size. 

 The most extraordinary deviation from ordinary types 



* In the alluvial loam filling up fissures in the tertiary limestone, 

 at Binstead, Isle of Wight, I discovered the skull of a reindeer, in 

 1846. See my Geology of the Isle of Wight, p. 104. 



f The Auroch is a species of wild bull or buffalo, distinct from the 

 common ox. The horns of the fossil ox are sometimes of enormous 

 size : Mr. Parkinson had a pair in which the length of each horn was 

 2 feet 7 inches. 



% Dinos, terrible ; therion, a wild beast. 



