494 CRUSTACEANS OF THE COAL. [Oh. XXIV. 



specimen the tail is wanting ; but in another, of a second species, 

 from Coalbrook Dale, the tail is seen to agree with that of the living 

 Limulus. 



The perfect carapace of a long-tailed or decapod crustacean has 

 also been found in the iron-stone of these strata by Mr. Ick (see fig. 

 548). It is referred by Mr. Salter to Glyphea, a genus also occurring 

 in the Lias and Oolite. There are also upwards of- forty species of 

 mollusca, among which are two or three referred to the freshwater 

 genus Unio, and others of marine forms, such as JVautilus, Orthoce- 

 ras, Spirifer, and Productus. Mr. Prestwich suggests that the inter- 

 mixture of beds containing freshwater shells with others full of ma- 

 rine remains and the alternation of coarse sandstone and conglomer- 

 ate with beds of fine clay or shale containing the remains of plants, 

 may be explained by supposing the deposit of Coalbrook Dale to 

 have originated in a bay of the sea or estuary into which flowed a 

 considerable river subject to occasional freshes.* 



One or more species of scorpions, two beetles of the family Curcu- 

 lionidw, and a neuropterous insect resembling the genus Corydalis, and 

 another related to Phasmidce, have been found at Coalbrook Dale. 

 From the coal of Wetting in Westphalia several specimens of the 

 cockroach or Blatta family, and the wing of a cricket (Acridites), have 

 been described by Germar.f 



More recently (1854) Mr. Fr. Goldenberg has published descriptions 

 of no less than twelve species of insects from the nodular clay-iron-stone 

 of Saarbriick, near Treves.']; They are associated with the leaves and 

 branches of fossil ferns. Among them are several Blattince, three 

 species of Neuroptera, one beetle of the Scarabceus family, a grass- 

 hopper or locust, Gryllacris (see fig. 549), and several white ants or 



Fig. 549. 



Wing of a Grasshopper. 



Gryllacris lithanthraca, Goldenberg. 



Coal, Saarbriick, near Treves. 



Termites. These newly added species probably outnumber all we 

 knew before of the fossil insects of the coal. 



* Prestwich, Geol. Trans., Second Series, vol. v. p. 440. 



f See Minister's Beitr., vol. v. pi. 13, 1842. 



% Palseont, Dunker and V. Meyer, vol. iv. p. 17. 



