1202 



CLASS REPTILIA. 



often comparatively short and stout ; while in some instances the 

 astragalus united with the tibia. This family certainly ranged from 

 the Lias to the Upper Jurassic, but if Ornithochirus belong to it, 

 its range must be extended to include the Cretaceous. In the 

 genus Scaphognathus (fig. 1099) the teeth extend to the extremities 

 of the jaws of the massive skull, in which the nares are separated 

 by a broad bar from the larger preorbital vacuities. The tail of 

 the type species is unknown, and in Goldfuss' restoration (fig. 

 1099) it was made like that of Pterodactylus ; but Professor Zittel 

 considers that it was elongated like that of Rhamphorhynchus and 

 Dimorphodon (fig. 1101). The type species, which attains con- 

 siderable dimensions, occurs in the Kimeridgian limestones of 



Fig. 1098. — Restoration of Di77iorphodo7i macronyx. Reduced. (After Owen.) 



Bavaria, but the genus is also represented in the Upper Lias of 

 Whitby. It is noteworthy that the peculiar form and relations 

 of the jugal and quadratojugal found in the Dinosaurian genus 

 Diplodocus (fig. 1076) also obtain in Scaphognathus. In Rhampho- 

 rhynchus, of the Kimeridgian of Bavaria, the extremities of the 

 jaws are usually devoid of teeth ; while in the hinder region the 

 teeth incline forwards instead of having the nearly vertical direction 

 of those of Scaphognathus. The scapula and coracoid were some- 

 times anchylosed ; the astragalus was generally distinct from the 

 tibia ; the pes had either four or five digits ; the pubes were slender, 

 bent, and joined by a bony symphysis ; while the long tail was 

 strengthened by the ossification of its tendons. The membranous 

 patagium developed a leaf-like expansion at the extremity of the tail, 



