ORDER CARINATjE. 1 233 



Eocene (Lower Oligocene) of Montmartre; Totanus (Redshank) in the 

 Allier Miocene and the Pliocene of the Val d'Arno, in Tuscany ; and 

 Trbiga (Knot and Dunlin) probably in the Montmartre, and cer- 

 tainly in the Allier beds, and the equivalent deposits of the Mayence 

 basin. Elorius is an extinct genus from Allier, probably allied to 

 Limosa. The Woodcock (Scolopax nisticold) has left its remains in 

 the Pleistocene of Westphalia ; and a species of Himantopus (Stilt) 

 is found in the Allier Miocene. In the family Charadriidce (Plovers) 

 a species of the type genus Charadrius occurs in the Upper Eocene 

 of Colorado ; while the genus Camascelus (with which Dolichopterus 

 is not improbably identical) is known from the Lower Miocene beds 

 of Ronzon, in France. 



Suborder 8. Alectorides. — The Alectorides form a somewhat 

 ill-defined group, which is taken by Mr Sclater to include the 

 Otididcz, although Professor Newton regards the latter as more 

 nearly allied to the Gavise and Limicolae. The family Gruidce, or 

 Cranes, is represented by the type genus Grus in the Pleistocene of 

 Europe, India, and the United States, and also in the Lower Pliocene 

 Pikermi beds of Greece, and the Miocene of Allier. Allied extinct 

 genera are Palaogrus of the Eocene of Italy, and Aletornis of that of 

 Wyoming. The Otididce are represented by a species of Bustard 

 {Otis) in the Allier Miocene. 



Suborder 9. Fulicarle. — This suborder comprises the Rails, 

 Coots, Water-hens, etc.; all of which are included in the single 

 family Rallidce, and are of more or less aquatic habits. Birds re- 

 ferred to the type genus Rallus (Rail) occur in the Montmartre 

 Eocene, the Miocene of Allier and Gers, and the Italian Pliocene. 

 Remains of Gallinula (Water-hen) are recorded from the Pleisto- 

 cene beds of Brazil and Queensland ; in both of which deposits 

 we meet with others referred to Porphyrio (Purple Water-hen) — a 

 genus now widely distributed over the warmer regions of the globe. 

 An extinct species of Coot (Fulica) has also been described from 

 the Queensland Pleistocene. Notornis, which occurs in the Pleisto- 

 cene of New Zealand and was also found living some years ago, 

 is a large Rail allied to the Australian Tribonyx ; while Aptomis, 

 which is a very large form from the same deposits totally incapable 

 of flight, is more nearly related to the existing Ocydromus of New 

 Zealand. Aphanapteryx (Erythromachus) from the Pleistocene of 

 Mauritius and Rodriguez is another large Rail allied to Ocydromus. 

 Lastly, Gypsornis, of the Montmartre Eocene, is considered to be 

 the earliest representative of this family. 



Suborder 10. Gallin.e. — The Gallinae form a large group of 

 Birds mostly living to a considerable extent on the ground, and of 

 comparatively stout build. They comprise the families Megapod- 

 idce (Megapodes), Cracidce (Curassows and Guans), Phasianidoz 



