340 



CLASS MAMMALIA. 



and it has been suggested that these remains belong either to Cervus 

 jnaral of Persia, or to the Wapiti (C. canadensis) of North America. 

 Both these forms are, however, closely allied to the Red Deer, and it 

 appears preferable to regard all the European fossils as referable to a 

 single species from which the three existing types are derived. There 

 is, however, the name C. spel&us for the large fossil form (which is of 

 earlier date than the name C. maral), if that be really distinct from C. 

 elaphus. Remains of the Wapiti are recorded from the Pleistocene of 

 the United States. 



The Eucladocerotine group comprises C. Sedgwicki of the Norfolk 

 Forest-bed and the Upper Pliocene of Italy, in which the antlers are 



Fig. 1215. — Skeleton of the Irish Deer {Cervus giganteus); from the Pleistocene of Ireland. 

 Greatly reduced. (After Owen.) 



more complex than in any other species. In the D amine group the 

 antlers (fig. 12 14, f) have their terminations palmated, and the brow-tine 

 simple ; the existing Fallow-Deer (C. damd) occurs in the bone-caves of 

 Gibraltar, while allied forms are found in the English Forest-bed and 

 Crag ; the most noteworthy being C. verticornis, in which the brow-tine 



