ORDER UNGULATA. 



1349 



since described as Antilope clavata (sansam'enszs). These were 

 small forms, with short horns, and the crowns of the molars very 

 short and moderately wide. In PalcEotragus and Tragoceros, of the 

 Lower Pliocene of Greece and Samos, the horns were larger, and 

 the molars wider. The former genus is considered to be allied to 

 Samotherium, noticed among the Giraffidce. The true Goats and 

 Sheep, collectively forming the section Caprince, are characterised 

 by their more or less laterally compressed and often angulated horn- 

 cores, which may be either curved backwards, as in the Ibex, spir- 

 ally twisted, as in the Markhoor, or with a peculiar outward curvature 

 and twist, as in the Sheep ; the horns themselves being frequently 



Fig. 1222. — Left lateral view of the cranium of Palceoreas Lindennayeri; from the Lower 

 Pliocene Pikermi beds of Greece. Reduced. The lachrymal vacuity is omitted. (After 

 Gaudry.) 



marked on the anterior surface by transverse ridges. In all the 

 genera the dentition is markedly hypsodont, and in existing forms 

 the accessory inner column of the upper true molars is wanting. 

 None of them show a lachrymal vacuity ; but in the Sheep there is 

 generally a deep depression (larmier) in this bone, which is absent 

 in the Goats. Capra may perhaps occur in the Upper Pliocene of 

 France ; it is represented in the Pliocene of the Indian Siwaliks by 

 one species (C. siva/ensis), which is probably the ancestor of the 

 Himalayan Thar ( C. jemlaica) ; by another species equally closely 

 allied to the Markhoor (C. Falconeri), of the same region ; and not 



