ORDER UNGULATA. 1 373 



of the skeleton of Chalicotherium, thought to belong to huge 

 Edentates. The latter writer has indeed proposed to regard this 

 genus as a veritable Edentate, but the resemblance of its denti- 

 tion to that of Palceosyops, coupled with the essentially Perisso- 

 dactylate characters of the rest of the skeleton — notably the 

 opisthoccelous cervical vertebrae — prevents the acceptation of 

 this view, and compels us to regard this strange animal as a 

 highly modified and aberrant Ungulate. 1 In the type genus 

 Chalicotherium, with which Macrotherium is identical, there were 

 variations in the number of the cutting-teeth analogous to those 

 obtaining in Rhi?iocei-os, which may be expressed by the formula 



I. ^ — *', C ^ — -j Pm. _, M. -. The type species, which should 



(°-3) 1 3 3 



be known as C. giganteum, occurs typically in the Lower Pliocene 

 of Eppelsheim in Hessen-Darmstadt, and also in the Middle Mio- 

 cene of Sansan in Gers ; the claws were first described by Cuvier 

 under the name of Pangolin gigantesque, and were subsequently 

 made the type of the genus Macrotherium. Another species, C. 

 modicum, occurs in the Upper Eocene Phosphorites of France, to 

 which probably belong some large claws described as those of an 

 Edentate. The genus also occurs in the Pliocene of China and 

 India ; the species from the latter area having been referred by 

 Kaup to a distinct genus Nestor itherium, on account of the absence 

 of the anterior teeth. The phalangeal from the Pliocene of Sind 

 represented in fig. 1248 doubtless belongs to a small individual 

 of this species, although first described as Mam's, and subsequently 

 as Macrotherium. It has likewise been lately recorded from the 

 White - river Miocene of Canada and the Loup - Fork beds of 

 Kansas. The last lower molar of Chalicotherium has no third 

 lobe. From the Lower Pliocene t of Attica the genus Leptodon, 

 described on the evidence of a lower jaw with a Chalicotheroid 

 dentition, but with a third lobe to the last molar, is probably iden- 

 tical with Ancylotherium, founded upon the evidence of claws from 

 the same beds, which are of the same general type as those of the 

 so-called Macrotherium. Ancylotherium also occurs in the Lower 

 Pliocene of the isle of Samos. Leptodon has been provisionally 

 referred by Dr Schlosser to the next family. Moropus, from the 

 Loup-Fork of Kansas, and Morotherium, from the Miocene of the 

 United States, which were described by Professor Marsh as Eden- 

 tates, are probably closely allied to, if not identical with, either 

 Chalicotherium or Ancylotherium. Finally, the imperfectly known 

 Brachydiastematotherium, from the Eocene of Hungary, is probably 



1 Professor Cope has recently proposed to make Chalicotheriiun the type of a 

 distinct order under the name of Ancylopoda. 



