ORDER CARNIVORA. 



H3I 



lower carnassial is well developed. The auditory region may either 

 have a depressed bulla, without an inner septum ( Ursus), as in the 

 existing Mustelidt?, or (Cam's) may have an inflated bulla with an in- 

 complete septum approximating to that of the Viverridaz. The least 



Fig. 1310. — Right lateral aspect of the skull of the Cave-Bear (Ursus spelceus); 

 from the Pleistocene of Germany. Reduced. 



specialised forms have an entepicondylar foramen to the humerus, 

 and a third trochanter to the femur. The feet are digitigrade in Cam's 

 and plantigrade in Ursus. In common with the majority of the Car- 

 nivora Vera, and also many of the Creo- 

 donta, the second lower incisor is thrust 

 up above the line of the first and third. 

 In the type genus Ursus the dental for- 



M. 



mula is usually I. -, C. — , Pin. -, 



3 1 4 3 



but in U. (yMelursus) labiatus the number 



of the incisors is reduced to 



The 



■W 



l-riij 



second and third premolars are usually 

 shed at an early age ; the upper carnas- 

 sial (J>m. 4, fig. 1309) is shorter than the 

 first true molar, and lacks the marked 

 sectorial character which it presents in 

 most other Carnivora ; and the upper true 

 molars are greatly elongated, and have flat 

 tuberculated crowns. The foramen has 

 disappeared from the humerus ;. and the 



olecranon of the ulna (fig. 1 3 1 1 ) has become very short ; while 

 the femur has no third trochanter. This genus may be regarded 

 as in some respects very specialised, although retaining generalised 

 features in its plantigrade and pentedactylate feet. It is of com- 

 vol. 11. 2 M 



1311. — Anterior aspect of 

 the proximal extremity of the 

 right ulna of Ursus arctus. 

 One-half natural size. Letters 

 as in fisr. 1300. 



