ORDER PRIMATES. 



1463 



lostomatidce, now confined to tropical America, and distinguished by 

 the presence of cutaneous expansions in the nasal region, as well as 

 by a peculiarity in the number of the digits of the manus. In this 

 family the existing Vam- 

 pyrus spectrum, having the 



dental formula I. 

 2 -- 3 



C. 



together with 



2 



2' 



Pm. -, M. * 

 3 3 



several undetermined spe- 

 cies of Phyllostoma (fig. 

 1346), in which the pre- 

 molars are -, occur in the 

 2 



cave - deposits of Brazil. 

 Curiously enough the man- 



dible of a large Bat, from 



E346. — Lateral view of the skull of the Javelin 

 Bat (Phyllostojna Jiastatuui). 



the Quercy Phosphorites, 



described under the name of Necromantis, appears to indicate the 



occurrence of this family in the European Eocene. 



In conclusion it should be observed that Professor Cope thinks 

 that a small Mammal from the Miocene of North America, which 

 he has described under the name of Z)om?ii?ia, may possibly belong 

 to the Chiroptera. 



Order XL Primates. — This, the highest order of Mammals, 



comprises the Lemurs, Monkeys, Baboons, Apes, and Man. The 



digits are unguiculate, and usually five in number ; and in existing 



forms, with the exception of Man, the hallux is opposable to the 



other digits. The pollex may be wanting, but when present is 



usually opposable to the other digits of the manus. The dentition 



is diphyodont and heterodont. In the existing and the allied extinct 



2 

 genera the incisors are usually -, and the true molars (with the 



3 

 exception of the Hapalidce) - in number. The crowns of the cheek- 

 teeth are, moreover, always adapted for grinding, and those of the 

 true molars generally consist of four tubercles, or cusps, which may 

 either be simple, or modified so as to form imperfect transverse 

 ridges or crescents ; but some extinct types have tritubercular upper 

 molars. 



The structure of the premolars is always simpler than that of 

 the true molars ; and in many Lemuroids the anterior lower pre- 

 molar assumes the form and functions of a canine, as in the Coty- 

 lopidce (fig. 1347). All existing forms have the orbit entirely sur- 

 rounded by bone ; while complete clavicles are present, and there is 



vol. 11. 2 o 



