ORDER PRIMATES. 



I469 



Lemuroidea, two species of Hapale have been recorded from the 

 cave-deposits of Brazil, one of which is regarded as extinct. 



Family Cebid.e. — The Brazilian cave-deposits have also yielded 

 remains of various Cebidce referable to the existing genera Callithrix, 

 Cebus, and Mycetes; several of which appear indistinguishable from 

 species still inhabiting the same region. A monkey allied to Mycetes, 

 but of larger size than any existing species, has been referred to a 

 distinct genus under the name of Protopithecus. 



Catarhine Section. — In this section, which comprises the three 

 families Cercopithecidcs, Simiidce, and Hominidce, the number of the 



2 3 



cheek-teeth is always Pm. -, M. -, and the crowns of the true molars 



2 3 



are either transversely ridged or simply tubercular. The nostrils 

 are straight, and placed close together, and their septum is narrow. 

 In all except Colobus, where it is absent, the pollex is opposable to 

 the other digits. The tail is never prehensile, and may be wanting ■ 

 while cheek-pouches and ischial callosities are often present. With 

 the exception of one species, which occurs at Gibraltar, all the exist- 

 ing Cercopithecidce and Simiidce. are confined to Asia and Africa. 



Family Cercopithecid,e. — In this family, which includes most 

 of those Old World genera commonly termed Monkeys and Baboons, 

 the tubercles of the true molars are developed into a pair of imper- 

 fect transverse ridges, and the third lower true molar has a hind 

 lobe or talon. It has been stated that the genus Colobus occurs in 

 the Miocene of Bavaria, but the specimen on which this determina- 



Fig. 1352. — Left lateral view of the skull of Cynocephalus ursinus ; Recent. Africa. Reduced. 



tion was made really belongs to the Artiodactylate genus Cebochcerus. 

 The somewhat widely spread genus Macacus is represented in the 

 Pliocene Siwaliks of India, and also in the Upper Pliocene of the 

 Continent and the Pleistocene of India ; one of these continental 

 species having probably been described under the name of Aulax- 



