ANGI0SPER1VLE. 1 547 



may occur in the Lower Cretaceous of the United States. The 

 species of Populus of which a leaf is figured in the woodcut ex- 

 tends from the Lower Miocene to the 

 Pliocene. 



Order 2. Urticin/e. — This order 

 contains the three families Ulmacece, 

 Urticacece, and Ceratophylece ; the last 

 of which requires no further mention. 

 In the first family Ulmns (Elm) makes 

 its first undoubted appearance in the 

 Upper Eocene (Lower Oligocene) of 

 Aix, in Provence, but the Asiatic and 

 American Planera dates from the La- 

 ramie Cretaceous, and is common in . F[ s- M 1 *-— Leaf of Po^uius latior-. 



7 " " . " from the Miocene of Europe. Re- 



the European Tertiary. Celtis (Net- duced. (After Schenk.) 

 tie-tree), now abundant in southern 



Europe, is well represented throughout the Continental Miocene ; 

 while Morus (Mulberry) is unknown before the Upper Miocene. 

 The tropical A?-tocarpus (Bread-fruit) dates from the Upper Creta- ■ 

 ceous of Greenland, and also occurs in the CEningen Miocene ; and 

 it is probable that some of the forms from the Lower Eocene and 

 Miocene of Europe described under the names Artiocarpidium and 

 A?'tiocarpoides are allied types, although others belong to Ficus. 

 The latter genus includes the numerous species of Fig mostly 

 characteristic of the warmer regions ; it dates from the Greenland 

 Cretaceous and the Laramie, and is abundant in the Tertiaries of 

 many parts of the globe. The names Fico?iium and Protoficus have 

 been applied to fig-like leaves from the Eocene, some of which may 

 belong to this family. In the Urticacece it has been considered that 

 Urtica (Nettle) occurs in the Middle Miocene of Styria, but this 

 requires confirmation. That the family occurred in the Tertiary is, 

 however, proved by the genus Forskohlea?ithemu77i, which is found 

 in amber, and is allied to the existing tropical and subtropical 

 genus Forskohlea. Here may be mentioned certain genera of 

 uncertain affinity which are considered by Dr Schenk to be allied to 

 the Urticacece, although Sir J. W. Dawson would place them near the 

 Platanacece ; these comprise the Upper Cretaceous C?-edneria and 

 Ettingshausia from Europe ; Maccfaitockia, with more elongated 

 leaves, from both the Cretaceous and Eocene ; and Protophyllum 

 of the American Cretaceous, which is considered by Dr Schenk to 

 be allied to the existing Urticaceous genus Laportea. 



Order 3. Piperine^e. — In this group Piper (Pepper) and allied 

 forms described as Piperites occur in the Lower Tertiary of Java 

 and Sumatra ; the existing forms being now tropical. 



Order 4. Centrosperm^e. — This large order, which includes the 



