LITERATURE. I 5 59 



collection of the small separate flowers in a common receptacle, the 

 peripheral florets being modified into strap-like rays surrounding 

 the fertile flowers of the disk. All the fossil forms have been re- 

 ferred to extinct genera, and include Parthenites and Cypse/ites, of 

 the Upper Eocene of Provence ; Bidentites, from the Upper Miocene 

 of (Eningen ; Hyoserites, from the Tertiary of Priesen ; Hieracites, 

 from Provence ; and Silphidhim, from the Tertiary of Chiavon, 

 which is supposed to be allied to the existing Silphium. 



In this place it may be well to mention certain flowers from the 

 Amboy Clays of New Jersey — the equivalents of the Dakota Creta- 

 ceous — which have been described under the name of Palceanthus, 

 and are stated to present resemblances to those of the Composite. 

 Dr Newberry observes, however, that " though these flowers so 

 much resemble those of the Composite, we are not yet warranted in 

 asserting that such is certainly their character." 



LITERATURE. 



The subjoined list comprises only a very limited selection from the 

 great series of works and memoirs dealing with the subject of Paleo- 

 botany. The student desirous of fuller information as to the sources of 

 knowledge as to fossil plants should consult the " Literaturverzeichniss " 

 given by Count Solms-Laubach in his " Einleitung in die Palaophy- 

 tologie " and the complete bibliography of works treating of Palaeozoic 

 plants given by Mr Kidston in his " Catalogue of the Palaeozoic Plants in 

 the British Museum." 



i. " Handbuch der Pakeontologie." K. A. von Zittel. Abtheil. ii. " Pal- 

 aeophytologie," by W. Ph. Schimper and A. Schenk. 1879- 1889. 



2. " Einleitung in die Palaophytologie." Count Solms-Laubach. 1887. 



3. "Traite de Paleontologie Vegetale." W. Ph. Schimper. 1869-74. 



4. " The Geological History of Plants' 1 (' International Scientific Series'). 



J. W. Dawson. 1888. 



5. " Cours de Botanique Fossile." Renault. 1881-85. 



6. " Evolution du Regne Vegetal." ' Cryptogams,' 1881. ' Phanerogams,' 



1885. Saporta and Marion. 



7. " Versuch einer Geschichte der Pflanzenwelt." Unger. 1852. 



8. " Monographic der fossilen Coniferen. Goppert. 1850. 



9. " Die Flora des Bernsteins." Goppert and Menge. 1883. 



10. " Flora tertiaria Helvetiae." O. Heer. 1855-56. 



11. "Flora fossilis arctica." O. Heer. 1868-83. 



12. " The Fossil Flora of Great Britain." Lindley and Hutton. 1831-37. 



13. i'The Fossil Flora of the Gondwana System." ' Palasontologia 



Indica.' Ser. ii., xi., xii. 1863-82. Ottokar Feistmantel. 

 {For other works by this author see Kidsto?vs " Catalogue?) 



14. " Die Tertiarfloren der Oesterreichischen Monarchic" ' Abhandl. 



d. k. k. Reichsanstalt zu Wein.' 1855. C. von Ettingshausen. 



15. "On the Fossil Flora of New Zealand." ' Geol. Mag.' 1877. Also 



" On the Tertiary Flora of Australia." Ibid. C. von Ettingshausen. 



16. "Acadian Geology," 2d ed. 1868. J. W. Dawson. 



vol. 11. 2 u 



