306 Geology of 



On the calcareous greensands repose under the Deans and at 

 Mount Brown, partly conformably and partly unconformably, 

 greyish and greenish calcareous sands, sometimes glauconitic or argil- 

 laceous, sometimes containing small beds of clay marls, the stratifi- 

 cation of which is only shown by beds of a harder nature, consisting of 

 a coarse sandstone, which is formed of the same material, but cemented 

 by a calcareous matrix. When they repose conformably upon the 

 calcareous greensands of the "Waipara formation, they dip south-east 

 15 deg., but sometimes they have been deposited on the denuded edges 

 of these older beds, when a dip of as much as 71 deg. to the south is 

 not uncommon. These beds, sometimes several hundred feet thick, 

 rarely contain any fossils, however I obtained from them WaldJieimia 

 lenticularis, Scalaria lyrata, and Turritella (probably ambulacrum, Sow.),, 

 and portions of Turritella gigantea, Oucullcea alt a, as well as a cup- 

 shaped Bryozoon. They are overlaid by dark bluish sands, generally 

 calcareous, in which WaldJieimia sinuata (Hutton) and a small black 

 Becten are frequently met with. In these sands, thin beds of rusty 

 coloured tufaceous, or brecciated limestone occur, becoming as we 

 ascend the series more and more frequent and of broader dimensions, 

 till we reach the uppermost bed, 30 to 10 feet thick, by which the summit 

 of theDeans andMount Brown, andmore to the north Mount McDonald 

 and Mount Vulcan and their eastern slopes, have been formed. Some 

 of the harder beds consist almost entirely of fragments of shells, 

 others of corals, being in fact a true coralrag ; others contain 

 innumerable specimens of a remarkable cup-shaped Bryozoon ; others 

 are partly formed of a Selenaria. WaldJieimia lenticularis, Becten 

 SocJistetteri, and Caratomus nuperus (Hutton), are also very numerous. 

 These upper beds, more to the south-west, alter to a calcareous and 

 glauconitic sandstone, resembling in many respects the Weka Pass 

 stone. The White Bock quarries near the Okuku have been opened 

 in them. In the Malvern Hills the whole series is missing, and we 

 only meet with it again in the small outlier on the northern bank of 

 the Bakaia, remarkable for its richness in fossils, the beds consisting 

 here of arenaceous strata of little cohesion, often altering to green- 

 sands. They are separated in banks by small layers of fine clay, 

 resembling sometimes Fuller's earth. There are also concretions of 

 these clays in many places which have the appearance of having filled 

 hollows, in which formerly organic matter was enclosed, such as 

 driftwood. Some of the layers are full of shells, echinodermata, and 

 teeth of fishes ; the large cup-shaped bryozoon occurs in numerous 

 specimens, and small pieces of bones are also occasionally found. In, 



