SUBORDER B 



DILAMBDODONTA 



41 



The Talpidae are small, underground, burrowing animals with small eyes 

 and long snout. In the case of the mole the manubrium reaches below the 

 second cervical vertebra and in the front includes the short almost 

 quadrangular (square) collar-bone, which articulates with the distal end 

 of the short, very broad humerus, and which is joined to the slender, elongated 

 scapula by bands. The humerus has a broad, projecting deltoid ridge and 

 next to each condyle a spur-like process. Amphidozotherium Filhol is found in 

 a i c d ^^® Oligocene Phosphorites of Quercy, 



and the genera Scaptonyx M. Edwards, 



Fig. 63. 



Talpa meyeri Schlosser. Lower Miocene ; 

 Weisenau, Bear Mainz. Humerus : a, internal 

 aspect ; 6, posterior aspect ; c, external aspect ; 

 d, anterior aspect ; e, inferior aspect, i/i- 

 (After Schlosser.) 



■mj 



Proscalops miocaenus Matthew. Miocene of Colorado. 

 Skull and mandible. 2/1. (After Matthew.) 



Proscapanus Gaillard, and Talpa Linn. (Fig. 63) in the European Miocene, 

 the latter also in the Pliocene and Pleistocene. One form also in the 

 Miocene of Montana. 



Proscalops Matthew (Fig. 64). / enlarged. P, with the exception of P^, 

 are small. Teeth lower than in the case of Scalops. Skull very broad in the 

 rear. Lower Miocene ; Colorado. 



Domnina Cope. Oligocene (White River beds) ; North America. 



Nyctitherium (Talpavus, Nydilestes) Marsh. Upper M with well-developed 

 hypocone. Middle Eocene ; Bridger beds of North America. 



Entomacodon (Centracodon) Marsh. Myolestes and Entomolestes Matthew. 

 Same horizon and locality. 



Echinogale Pomel. Lower Miocene of France. Systematic position 

 uncertain. 



Family 3. Soricidae. Slirew-mice. 



The shrews are distinguished by strong M, quadritubercular in the upper 



jaw, and by the enlarged foremost /. Upper /is hook-like, lower horizontally 



placed and with sharp or jagged upper ridge. The teeth between this 



4-6 

 / and M -— are, with the exception of P^, but slightly differentiated ; the 



limb -bones, however, are very much specialised. 



Remains of Soricidae are found in Europe from '^^r^^-n 



the Oligocene on, in the Phosphorites of Quercy, 



in the Lower Miocene of Ulm and Mayence, in ^^^' ^^' 



,1 XT -Mr- !■ -T i~i • n,Aii !• Soj-e.r pMsiH«s Meyer. Miocene of 



the Upper Miocene of La Grrive St. Alban, and in La Grive st. Aiban, isere. interior 

 the Pleistocene. They belong to the genera Sorex (XrDepSo '^^'" '^' '''"^ '^" 

 Linn. (Fig. 65), Crocidura and Crossopus Wagler. 



Protosorex Scott. Oligocene (White River beds) ; North America. 



