66 



CARNIYORA 



ORDER III 



first line of descent is characterised by a reduction of the premolars and molars, 

 with a thickening of the teeth that remain. The Cynodontinae are mostly- 

 restricted to Europe. 



Cephalogale Jourdan. f M. M^ rounded and triangular, M"^ diagonally 

 oval. P smaller than M. Lower M with large trigonid and short, trenchant 

 hypoconid ; all with strong basal cingulum. Muzzle and jaws shortened, 

 extremities slender, almost digitigrade ; metapodia long, closely apposed. 

 Upper Eocene, Bohnerzen of Switzerland and Swabia ; Lower Miocene of 

 St. G6rand le Puy and Mayence ; Upper Miocene of Silesia. 



Dinocyon Jourdan. f M. Lower M usuall}^ with short, trenchant 

 talonid ; M^ rounded, triangular ; M^ oval ; P^ large and complex. Astra- 

 galus flat. Upper Miocene 

 and Lower Pliocene of 

 Europe. Blanco beds (Plio- 

 cene) of Texas. 



Hemicyon Lartet. P* 

 with posteriorly placed 

 tubercle, M as in Cephalo- 

 gale. Extremities digiti- 

 grade. Upper Miocene, 

 Sansan. 



Cynodon Aymard (Fig. 

 93). P^ with large inner 

 tubercle, first three P small. 

 Upper M quadrangular, but little broader than long. Metacone and protocone 

 subequal. Talonid of lower M moderately large, basin-shaped. Digits laterally 

 extended. C. leptorhynchus Filhol sp. ; C. i-elaunus Aymard. Oligocene of 

 Ronzon, Quercy and Ulm. 



Paracynodon Schlosser. M with wrinkled enamel. P. mdpinus Schlosser. 

 Oligocene ; Bohnerz of Ulm. 



Pachycynodon Schlosser. Mandible very high. P small. Upper carnassial 

 with large posteriorly extending inner cusp. Upper M quadrangular, lower 

 M with large basin-shaped talonid. P. crassirostris Filhol sp. Quercy Phos- 

 phorites (Oligocene), Bohnerz of Swabia. 



Fig. yS. 

 Cynodon leptorhynchus Filhol sp. Phosphorite of Monillac, Quercy. 

 A, Lower aspect of the right upper jaw. B, Inner aspect of the left 

 lower jaw. ^/i. 



3-2 



if. 



Subfamily 4. Caninae. 

 P slender, posteriors with secondary cxisps. 



Upper M tritubercular 



with strong cingulum, loiver carnassial with weak metaconid, and others usually with 

 pitted or trenchant talonid. Humerus lacking entepicondylar foramen. Extremities 

 digitigrade, tetradactyl, with rudimentary hallux and pollex. Metapodials with 

 cylindrical distal articular surfaces ; astragalus distinctly truncate. 



Canis Linn, f 31. Talonid partly trenchant, with small or rudimentary 

 entoconid. A large number of extinct species is known, among which are 

 C. (Tephrocyon) femerarius Leidy from the Upper Miocene of North America ; 

 C. cautleyi Bose, in the Siwalik Pliocene of India, probably also in China ; C. 

 etruscus Major, in the Upper Pliocene of Tuscany; C. lupus Linn, in the Pleisto- 

 cene of Europe ; C. latrans Say, C. indianensis Leidy, C. occidentalis Eich, in 

 the Pleistocene of North America. In the European Pleistocene there were the 



