SUBORDER D 



ARTIODACTYLA 



179 



normal. Skull short, with small cranium and massive jugal. Lower jaw 

 deep, similar to that of Hyrax. Eocene Bohnerz, Egerkingen. M. gresslyi 

 Eiitimeyer. Phosphorites, M. cuspidatum Filhol. 



Fig. 242. 



Ancodvs (Hyopotanivs) velaunus Cuvier sp. Oligocene, Ronzon, near Le Puy. Skull in palatal {A) and 



lateral (5) aspects. 1/4- (After Filhol.) Fore (C) and hind (/)) foot. 1/5- (After Kowalevsky.) 



Family 5. Anoplotheriidae Gray. 



Dentition complete, either forming a continuous unbroken series or a small 



3.1.4.3. 



diastema between the anterior teeth. Dental formula : ' ' • Cheek teeth seleno- 



'' 3.1.4.3. 



hmodont. Superior molars with four usually y -shaped main cusps and an inter- 

 mediate tubercle between the anterior fair. External cusps of the lower molars 

 crescentic, internal cusps conical, anterior double. Anterior premolars above and below 

 much elongated and trenchant. Incisors, canines and premolars sometimes enlarged 

 and trenchant. Carpals, tarsals and metapodials distinct. Feet with four, three 

 or two digits, the two lateral toes shorter than the median ones and usually standing 

 out at an angle. Terminal phalanges pointed, claw-like. Reduction of lateral digits 

 inadaptive. 



All representatives of this family are extinct and are found in the Eocene 

 and Oligocene of Europe. 



The skull never bears bony processes and somewhat resembles that of 

 Camelus, but the muzzle is shorter. The dentition exhibits various primitive 

 characters ; and a coalescence of the carpal, tarsal or metapodial bones like- 

 wise never takes place. The pollex and fifth digit, as well as the hallux, 

 are sometimes present as vestigial metapodials. In external habit the Ano- 

 plotheriidae more resemble the carnivores than the ungulates, especially by the 

 long tail and the claw-like terminal phalanges. 



