SUBORDER D 



ARTIODACTYLA 



191 



Subfamily 5. Camelinae Cope. 



Dentition more or less reduced. Radius and ulna coalesced. Pes with two 

 digits^ metapodials anchylosed. Phalanges with rugose under surfaces for attachment 

 of heavy pads. Pliocene and Pleistocene ; North and South America. Lower 

 Pliocene, India and China. Pleistocene ; Asia and S. Europe. Ptecent in 

 central and western Asia, northern Africa and South America. 



formula 



{Merycotheriwm Bojanus) (Figs. 260, P,2 63). Dental 

 Milk dentition of the upper jaw still includes all three 



Cam.elus Linn. 



LL2.3. 



3J7373~.' 



incisors ; in the permanent dentition, the two anterior incisors are reduced 

 and the third has 

 become caniniform. 

 The superior canine 

 is separated from the 

 third incisor and from 

 the anterior conical 

 premolar by a wide 

 interval, and a dia- 

 stema likewise follows 

 the first premolar. 

 The two posterior 

 premolars consist of 

 an ectoloph and an 

 internal crescent. Molars rather deep. Inferior incisors spatulate. Canine 

 powerfully developed. Living in northern Africa and Asia. Fossil in the 

 Lower Pliocene of India and China. C. sivalensis Falconer and Cautley. 

 Pleistocene; Siberia, southern Russia, Roumania. C. sibiricus (Bojanus), C. 

 alutensis Stefanescu. Algiers, C. thomasi Pomel. Pleistocene ; North America. 

 C. americanus Wortman. 



Protauchenia Branco. Palaeolama Gervais, Hemiauchenia, Stilauchenia, 

 Lamaops Ameghino. Pampas formation and Pleistocene ; South America. 



1.1.2.3. 

 Auchenia Illiger. Dental formula : ' ' ' ' • Dentition reduced. Digits 



distinct. Pleistocene and Recent ; South America. 



Camelops Leidy. Holomeniscus and Eschatius Cope. Very closely allied 

 to Auchenia, but lacking the antero-external buttress on lower molars. Lowest 

 Pleistocene (Equus beds) ; Oregon, California (Rancho La Brea) and Mexico. 



Cavidus iactrianus Erxl. Recent, Central Asia. Skull. 

 (After Giebel.) 



Ve- 



Family 11. 

 Shdl without horns. 



Tragulidae, Milne-Edwards.^ 

 -0.1.4-3.3. 



Chevrotains. 



Dental formula : 77 " 77 - Incisors absent in upper 

 •^ 3.1.4-3.3. -^^ 



jaw. In male, superior canine sabre-like, inferior canine functioning as incisor. 



Diastema rather long. Molars selenodont, low; superior molars completely 



surrounded by cingulum, sometimes qidnquetubercular. Premolars elongated, laterally 



compressed, with trenchant crown. Carpals and tarsals partially coalesced. Median 



1 Milne- Edwards, A., Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., ser. 5, vol. ii., 1864. 

 Palaeontogr., vol. xxiv. 



-Kowalevsky, W., Gelocns. 



