SUBORDER D 



ARTIODACTYLA 



195 



of the protoconid. Superior molars quadricuspid. Premolars simple. Anterior 

 extremity at first tetradactyl, later the lateral toes reduced to distal rudiments. 

 Magnum and trapezoid united. Median metacarpals never united into a cannon 

 hone. Pes with two toes and usually with a ccmnon bone. Cuboid and navicular 

 co-ossified. Oligocene to Upper Miocene ; North America. 



The Hypertragulidae are confined to North America, where they begin 



with small forms in the White River Oligocene. 



by systematists with the Tragulidae, from 



which some of the genera differ, however, in 



the absence of the fold on the metaconid and 



the protoconid. 



? 0-1.3.3. 

 Leptomeryx Leidy. -^ — ' ' ' • Without 



superior first premolar ; inferior first premolar 

 small. Radius and ulna distinct. Oligocene, 

 White River beds. L. evansi Leidy. 



H,peHra,ulns Cope. ^- Superior 



canine and inferior first premolar large, canini- 



form. Radius and ulna distinct. Extremities 



as in the foregoing genus. Oligocene (White 



River beds) to Lower Miocene (John Day 



beds). 



Allomeryx Merriam and Sinclair. Lower 



Miocene ; Oregon. Like Hypertragtdus. 



0.1.4-3.3. 

 Blastomeryx Cope (Fig. 270). 



They were at first united 



Superior canine elongate. 



Pg and Pg with small inner tubercle. 



3.1.4-3.3. 



Premolars simple. 



Inferior 



premolars with three internal crests separated 

 internally by open valleys. Skull hornless ; 

 manus tetradactyl ; radius and ulna distinct ; 

 pes with two toes and proximal vestiges of 

 lateral digits. Lower Miocene. B. olcotii and 

 B. primus Matthew. The species described 

 by Scott as B. gemmifer Cope is later and 

 generically distinct. It has short antlers and 

 the lateral toes are represented by vestiges. 



Fig. 270. 



Blastomeryx gemmifer Cope. Upper 

 Miocene (Loup Fork beds), Nebraska. 

 A, Teleometacarpal fore-foot. B, Hind- 

 foot. 2/5. (After W. B. Scott.) 



Family 13. Cervicornia. Antlered Ruminants. ^ 



Skull of the male as a rule with antlers or bony processes. Dental formula : 



0.0-1. 3. 3. 



-^-j— ^-— ^--- ^- Superior canine either large, protuberant and sabre-like, or weak and 



^ Brook, v.. Classification of the Cervidae. Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1878, p. 9. — Dcaokins, 

 Boyd, British Pleistocene Cervidae. Palaeont. Soc, London, 1887. — Douglass, E., Dromomeryx. 

 Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. iv., 1909. — Matthew, W. D., Osteology of Blastomeryx and Phylogeny of 

 the Cervidae. Bull. Ainer. Mas. Nat. Hist., New York, 1908, jd. 535. — Pohlig, H. Die Cerviden 

 des thtiringischen Diluvialtravertins. Palaeontogr., vol. 39, 1892. — Rutimeyer, L., BeitrJige zu 

 einer natiirlicheu Geschichte der Hirsche. Abli. Schweiz. Palaeont. Ges., 1880-83, vols, vii., viii., x. 



