200 



UNGULATA 



ORDER VII 



deer ; with the exception of Capreohis, Alces and Rangifer, the Plesiometacarpi, 

 the Old World deer. Fossil from the Lower Pliocene. 



Capreohhs Hamilton-Smith. Roe-deer. Antlers upright, three - tined. 

 Lower Pliocene ; Pikermi, Cucuron and Baltavar. C. matheroni Gervais. 

 Middle Pliocene, C. aitstralis de Serres, C. ruscinensis Dep^ret. Upper 

 Pliocene ; Auvergne. C. 'cusanus Croizet and Jobert. Pleistocene, C. capreolus 

 Linn. 



Fiircifer, Blastoceras Gray, Mazama Raf. Living and fossil in the 

 Pleistocene of South America. 



Odocoileus. Pleistocene and living in North America. 

 Cervalces Scott. Pleistocene ; North America. 

 Alces Hamilton-Smith. Elk or moose. Living and in 

 the Pleistocene of Europe, northern Asia and North 

 America. In the Lower Pleistocene of Europe. A. 

 latifrons Dawkins. 



Rangifer Hamilton -Smith. Reindeer. Both sexes 

 with strongly branched recumbent antlers ; branches 



Fig. '277. 



Axis pardinensis Croizet 

 and Jobert. Upper Plio- 

 cene, Auvergne. i/g. 

 (After Gaudry.) 



Fig. 278. 



Polycladus sedgwicki Falconer. Upper Pliocene, Val d' Arno, Tuscany. Skull 

 with antlers. Greatly reduced. 



flattened. The reindeer, R. tarandus Linn, sp., inhabits the polar regions of 

 the Northern Hemisphere, and, during the Pleistocene, spread to the Pyrenees 

 and the Alps in Europe. Its remains are found in great quantities in pre- 

 historic settlements of the older Stone Age (Magdal6nien stage). In the 

 Pliocene of the Swabian Bohnerz this genus is represented by teeth, and 

 in the Pliocene of Piedmont by antlers. R. pliotarandoides de Alessandrini. 



Axis Hamilton-Smith (Fig. 277). Antlers slender, with from three to 

 four cylindrical accessory tines. Extremities plesiometacarpal. Living in 

 southern India. Fossil in the Pliocene of Auvergne. A. borbonicus, A. 

 pardinensis Croizet and Jobert. Crag, England, and Pleistocene of India. 



Rusa Hamilton-Smith. Living in Asia. Fossil in the Pleistocene ; China. 

 R. aristotelis Cuvier. 



Cervus Linn (Elaphus Gervais). Red deer. Antlers with many tines ; 



