SUBORDER D 



ARTIODACTYLA 



201 



beam and tines cylindri- 

 cal. Abundant in the 

 Pliocene ; Europe. C. 

 perrieri, arvernensis, 

 issiodorensis Croizet and 

 Jobert. Pleistocene ; 

 Europe. C. elaphus Linn. 

 Pleistocene ; northern 

 Asia and North America. 

 C. canadensis. Similar 

 teeth are also known 

 from the Lower Pliocene 

 of China. 



Polycladus Gervais 

 (Figs. 271, 278). Ant- 

 lers with many tines ; 

 branches flattened dis- 

 tally. Pliocene and 

 Lower Pleistocene; 

 Europe. P. ramosus 

 Croizet and Jobert. P. 

 sedgwicki Falconer. 



Megaceros Owen 

 (Figs. 279, 280).i Ant- 

 lers stout, cylindrical at 

 the base, distally flat- 

 tened and expanded 

 (palmated). Fossil in 

 the Pleistocene and 

 Neolithic; Europe. 

 The largest and most 

 conspicuous species is 

 the Irish elk, M. hiber- 

 nicus Owen, the antlers 

 of which measure from 

 two to three-and-one- 

 half metres from tip to 

 tip. Entire skeletons 

 of Megaceros hihernicus, 

 with palmated antlers, 

 are not rare in the peat 

 bogs of Ireland. The 

 females are hornless. 

 Older Pleistocene. 

 Megaceros euryceros Al- 

 drovandi. 



Dama Hamilton- 

 Smith. Fallow deer. 



Fig. 279. 



Megaceros Mbernicus Owen. Peat bog, Ireland. Skull of female. 

 Lateral aspect, and B, from above. 1/7. (After Owen.) 



^, 



Megaceros hibernicus Owen. Peat bog, Ireland. Skeleton restored by 

 Owen. Greatly reduced. 



^ Lonnberg, E., Taxonomic position of Irish Giant Deer. Archiv for Zoologi, Stockholm, 

 bd. 3, no. 14, 1906. 



