202 



UNGULATA 



ORDER VII 



Antlers cylindrical at base, flattened and expanded distally. Living in 

 southern Europe and Asia Minor. Dama browiii Dawkins sp. in Pleistocene 

 of southern England. 



Dental formula 



Subfamily 4. 

 3-0.1.4.3. 



Protoceratinae Marsh.i 



Superior and inferior canines present in both 



3. 1.4.3. 



sexes. Skull long and flat, in late forms with paired bony protuberances. Teeth 

 brachyodont with wrinkled enamel. Carpals distinct. Manus with two stout 

 separate median metapodials and two weaker lateral ones. In older forms, pes 

 with four distinct metatarsals ; in later forms, with imperfectly co-ossified cannon 

 bone and proximal lateral splint bones. Tarsals not coalesced. 



The Protoceratinae are restricted to North America, but are probably the 



ancestors of the 

 Sivatheriinae. 



Camelomeryx 

 Scott. Dental 



formula; 



Protoceras cehr Marsh. Upper Oligocene (White River beds), Nebraska. Skull. 

 2/5. (After Osborn.) 



3.1.4.3. 

 Dentition com- 

 plete. Inferior 

 canine like fourth 

 incisor ; first in- 

 ferior premolar 

 caniniform ; su- 

 perior canine 



large. Manus and pes tetradactyl, without co-osification of median meta- 

 podials. Skull long and flat, without protuberances. Systematic position 

 doubtful. Upper Eocene ; Uinta beds. 



Leptoreodon Wortman. As Camelomeryx but with three upper incisors. 

 Upper Eocene (Uinta beds) ; Utah. 



Heteromeryx Matthew. Skull without bony protuberances. Orbits closed 

 posteriorl^^ Manus tetradactyl ; pes two-toed. Oligocene (Lower White 

 River beds) ; South Dakota. 



Protoceras Marsh (Fig. 281). Dental formula: o fV^' Skull flat; the 



O. 1.4:.0. 



male with bony bosses on the parietals and frontals and vertical bony plates 

 on the frontals and maxillaries ; females with small protuberances on the 

 frontal and parietals only. Manus tetradactyl ; lateral digits weaker than 

 median ones. Pes two-toed, with imperfectly united cannon bone and proximal 

 vestiges of lateral metatarsals. Upper Oligocene (White River beds) ; North 

 America. 



Calops Marsh. Skull without bony bosses. Upper Oligocene (White 

 River beds) ; North America. 



Syndyoceras Barbour. Like Protoceras, but larger and horn core of pro- 

 portionally greater size. Lower Miocene ; Nebraska. S. cooki Barbour. 



1 Marsh, 0. C, Amer. Journ. ScL, 1891, p. 87.— Osborn, H. F., and Wnrfman, J. L., Bull. 

 Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. New York, 1892, p. 351. — Scott, IT. U., Jouru. Morphologj-. Boston. 

 1895, p. 301. 



