SUBORDER D 



ARTIODACTYLA 



205 



bases or on a common base, with hollow spaces at the base. An additional pair of 

 conical bony prominences sometimes on the anterior portion of the frontal bones. 

 Cheek teeth brachyodont. 



All the better known representatives of this family, Sivatherium Falconer 

 and Cautley (Fig. 284), Bramatherium Falconer and Hydaspitherium Lydekker 

 are from the Lower Pliocene (Siwalik beds) of northern India. In the Lower 

 Pliocene of China occur teeth of the Sivatheriinae, and from near Adrianople 

 Sivatherium-like horn-bosses have been described by Abel. 



Family 14. Antilocapridae.^ 



Antlers furcate, enveloped with horny yearly renewed sheath, teeth hypso- 



dont, superior third molar greatly elongated posteriorly. Dental formula : 



3-0 1.3 3. 



' ' ' • Living and fossil in North America. 

 o. 1 .o. o. 



Hypisodus Cope (Fig. 285). Skull antilopine with elongated parietals. 

 Frontals confined to the supraorbital region. 

 Teeth hypsodont, with long diastema before the 

 second premolar. Canine and first inferior pre- 

 molar incisor-shaped. Second premolar decidu- 

 ous. Skull hornless, with large orbits, closed 

 behind; inflated tympanic. Eadius and ulna 

 co-ossified. Manus and pes without cannon 



m.<3 



Fig. 285. 



Hypisodus minimus Cope. Oligocene (White Biver 



beds), Colorado. Skull and lower jaw. '^j^. e.a.Tns, 



External auditory meatus ; lac, lachrymal vacuity ; 



0, occipital condyle ; o.c, supraoccipital. (After 

 Matthew.) 



Pio. 286. 



Merycodus osborni Matthew. Mid- 

 dle Miocene, Colorado. Skull and 

 lower jaw. 1/4. (After Matthew.) 



bone and with complete lateral metapodials. Size of a rabbit. Oligocene 

 (White River beds) ; North America. H. minimus Cope. 



Merycodus (Cosoryx) Leidy (Fig. 286). Antlers with bifurcated branches 

 or with three tines. Cheek teeth hypsodont. Skeleton and teeth 

 Antilocaproid. Manus and pes with cannon bone. Lateral digits repre- 

 sented by short distal vestiges. Upper Miocene, M. furcatus Leidy. Middle 

 Miocene, M. osborni Matthew. The entire skeleton of the latter is known. 



Capromeryx Matthew. With hypsodont molars, and reduced premolars 

 in the lower jaw. Pleistocene of Nebraska. 



Antilocapra Ord. Recent, and fossil remains in the Pleistocene. 



^ Cha/ndler, A. O., Notes on Capromeryx, Univ. California Publ. Geology, 1916. — Lull, R. S., 

 New Tertiary Artiodactyls, Amer. Journ. Sci., 1920. — Mattheio, W. D., Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. 

 Hist. New York, 1902, p.' 311 ; 1904, 101. 



