SUBORDER D 



ARTIODACTYLA 



209 



Group 2. Gazellinae Coues. 



Skull flat or moderately arched, with lachrymal fossa and ethmoidal vacuity. 

 Horns cylindrical or laterally compressed, recurved, only exceptionally spiral, never 

 keeled. Teeth rarely brachyodont, usually strongly hypsodont. 



Lithocranius Kohl. Teeth brachyodont. Living in Africa. 

 Antilope Ogilby. Horns long and spiral. Pleistocene and Kecent ; India. 

 Gazella Blainville (Fig. 288). Frontal appendages immediately posterior 

 to the orbits, directed steeply upward or recurved, usually cylindrical, rarely 



Fig. 288. 



Gazella dorcadoides Schlosser. Lower 

 Pliocene, China. A, Upper cheek teeth, 

 P3 to M'^. B, Inner aspect of upper molar. 

 C, Outer aspect of second lower molar, i/j. 



Fig. 289. 



Saiga tatarica Forst. Pleistocene, 

 Twickenham, near London. Frontlet of 

 male. 1/4. (After A. 8. Woodward.) 



compressed. Lower Pliocene ; Pikermi, Concud (Spain), Cucuron, Baltavar, 

 Samos, Maragha, etc., G. brevicornis Wagner, G. deperdita Gervais. 

 (?) G. gaudryi Schlosser, Various species are found in the Lower 

 Pliocene of China and India. Upper Pliocene ; Auvergne. G. borbonica 

 Bravard. Upper Pliocene ; Bresse. G. burgundica Deperet. Upper Pliocene ; 

 England. G. anglica Newton. Pleistocene ; Algiers, and living in Asia and 

 Africa. 



Saiga Gray {Coins Wagner) (Fig. 289). Frontal appendages short, directed 

 steeply upward. Pleistocene ; Europe, and living on the steppes of eastern 

 Europe and western Asia. 



Pantholops Hodgson. Pliocene ; Tibet. P. hundesiensis Lydekker. 

 Living in Asia. 



Group 3. RuPiCAPRiNAE Brookes. 



Skull arched, rarely flat, with or without lachrymal fossa and fissure-like ethmoidal 

 vacuity. Horns cylindrical, vertical or inclined backward. Teeth moderately 

 hypsodont. 



Eupicapra Hamilton-Smith. Recent ; Europe and western Asia. Occurs 

 rarely in the fossil state in the European Pleistocene. 



VOL. Ill p 



