SUBORDER D 



ARTIODACTYLA 



215 



Palaeoreas Gaudry (Fig. 293). Horns with two keels. Painetal bones 

 sloping at an angle toward the occiput. Lower Pliocene ; Pikermi and 

 Maragha. P. Under may eri Wagner sp. One species also in China. Pliocene ; 

 Auvergne. " Antilope" torticornis Aymard, perhaps identical with P. montis- 

 caroU Major, from Val d'Arno, Italy. 



Protragelaphus Dames. Horns with a single keel, roundish in cross-section. 

 Lower Pliocene ; Pikermi, Bessarabia, Samos and Maragha. 



Palaeoreas lindermayeri Wagner, sp. 



Fig. 293. 

 Lower Pliocene, Pikermi, Athens. 



Skull, i/s- (After Gaudry.) 



Prostrepsiceros Major. Horns with two keels, triangular in cross-section. 

 Lower Pliocene; Maragha, Persia. " Tragelaphus" houtum- schindleri Rodler 

 and Weithofer. 



Helicophora Major. Horns with a single keel, tips directed inward. 

 Lower Pliocene ; Pikermi. 



lUingoceras Merriam.^ Horns straight, spiral and keeled. Supposed 

 Pliocene of AVest Nevada. Systematic position doubtful /. cdexandrae 

 Merriam. 



Group 7. BoviNAE Gray. Oxen.- 



Frontal appendages hollow, powerful cylindrical or triangular, usually directed 

 outward at right angles, situated at some distance behind the orbits on the postero- 

 external corners of the skidl. Frontal bones exceedingly large, reaching to the occiput ; 

 parietal bones very short. Cheek teeth prismatic, deep, with strongly developed basal 

 pillars and rather thick layers of cement. 



^ Merriam, J. C, Strepsicerine Antelopes in Tertiary of N.W. Nevada. Univ. California Publ., 

 Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. v., no. 22, 1909. 



^ JDiirst, J. U., Notes sur quelques Bovides prehistoriques. L' Anthropologic, Paris, 1900. — 

 RVMmeyer, L., Versuch einer natiirlichen Geschichte des Rindes. Neue Denksclir. Schweiz. Ges. 

 f. Naturw., 1866-67, vols, xxii., xxiii. — Turner, H. N., On the Genera and Subdivisions of the 

 Bovidae. Proc. Zool. See. London, 1849. 



