220 



UNGULATA 



ORDER VII 



The Amblypods have the smallest brain cavity of all ungulates (Fig. 302). 

 The cerebrum is almost entirely smooth and covers neither the olfactory lobes 

 nor the cerebellum. 



Osborn derives the Amhlypoda conjecturally from forms like Frotolamhda, 

 Edoconodon and Synconodon, which occur in the Laramie beds of the Cretaceous. 

 This theory rests, however, only upon evidence furnished by isolated tri- 

 tubercular or tuberculo- sectorial molars. He also unites the bunodont 

 Feriptychidae and Pantolambdidae in the suborder Taligrada. 



Family 1. Pantolambdidae (Taligrada) Cope. 

 Skull resembling that of carnivores, with high sagittal crest. Dentition , 



3.1.4.3. 



3.1.4.3. 



Incisors and canines normally developed. Upper premolars consisting of one outer 



and one inner angulated crescent ; upper molars 

 with V-shaped paracone, metacone and proto- 

 "^ ^ cone, besides two secondary cusps. Lower 



molars with high V-shaped trigonid and similar 

 talonid, and premolars with only slightly 

 developed talonid. Humerus with an entepi- 

 condylar foramen, femur with third trochanter, 

 astragalus flat, with slightly concave articular 

 surface for the tibia, head distinct but very 

 short and with a foramen. Carpus with free 

 centrale. Tail long. 



Pantolambda Cope (Figs. 298, 299). 

 Basal Eocene (Torrejon beds) of New 

 Mexico. P. bathmodon, P. cavirictus Cope. 



Fio. 298. 



Pantolambda cavirictus Cope, 

 Eocene (Torrejon beds), New Mexico. 

 Upper P4 to M3. B, Lower cheek teeth 

 (After Osborn.) 



Lowest 



Pantolambda bathmodon Cope. 



LowestjEocene (Torrejon beds), Xew Mexico. A, Fore-foot, 

 foot. 1/2- (After Osborn.) 



B, Hind- 



