262 



SUBUNGULATA 



ORDER IX 



third in the ninth year of life. The first true molar becomes functional in the 

 fifteenth year. Usually only one, or at the most two, cheek teeth are 

 functional in each ramus of the jaw at one and the same time. 



The number of transverse plates increases in each new successional tooth, 

 so that the so-called " isomeric intermediate teeth," with an equal number 



Fig. 350. 



Eiephas primigeni'iis Blum. Nearly complete skeleton, with remains of soft parts, found in frozen earth in 

 Siberia, greatly reduced. The right and left tusks are transposed in the restoration. Petrograd Museum. 



of ridges, which are characteristic of Mastodon, are not present in Eiephas. In 

 the species of Eiephas accurately known, the ridge formulae are as follows : — 



Eiephas a/rlcanus . 



,, planifrons . 



,, meridionalis 



,, a7itiquus . 



, , hysudricus . 



,, indicus 



, , primigenius 



Falconer divides the germs Eiephas into two subgenera : Loxodoii (Fig. 348), 

 with proportionately low and less numerous ridges, which through attrition 

 frequently exhibit a lozenge-shaped pattern ; and Euelephas (Fig. 349), with 



D.2 



Ds 



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3 



6 



7 



7 



8 



10 



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6 



7 



7 



8-9 



11 



3 

 • 3 



6 

 6 



7 

 7 



7 

 7 



8 

 8-9 



10 

 10-11 



3 

 • 3 



5-6 

 5-6 



7-8 

 7-8 



8-9 



8-9 



8-11 

 9-11 



10-14 

 11-14 



3 



5-7 



8-11 



9-12 



12-13 



15-20 



■ 3 



6-8 



9-11 



10-12 



12-13 



16-21 



3 



5-7 



9-11 



9-12 



10-12 



13-17 



■ 3 



7-9 



9-11 



9-12 



12-13 



14-18 



4 



8 



12 



12-14 



16-18 



24 



4 



8 



12 



12-14 



16-18 



24-27 



4 



6-9 



9-12 



9-15 



14-16 



18-27 



4 



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9-12 



9-15 



14-16 



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