266 



PRIMATES 



molar molariform. Premaxillaries and symphysis of the mandible robust, 



curved downward. Cheek teeth bunodont. Pliocene ; Italy. F. forestii 



Capellini. 



Miosiren DoWo. 1.0.3.4.; Miocene, Belgium. Bhi/tiodus liavtet. 1.0.1.4.; 



Prohalicore Plot. Miocene, Prance. 



0.1.2.2. 

 Desmostylus Marsh, Dental formula : ' ' • Nasal opening far in 



advance of orbits. Two 

 lower incisors rather long, 

 directed forward. Upper 

 canines developed as tusks. 

 Molars large, consisting of 

 five to eight vertical cylin- 

 ders fused together in rows. 

 Miocene; Japan and Pacific 

 coast of North America. 

 D. hesperus Marsh. 



Halicore Illiger. Pre- 

 maxillary with a pair of 

 stout incisors. Cheek 



5-6 . , 

 teeth : — — , single rooted, 



Fig. 353. 4-5 ° 



small, peg-shaped. Recent. 

 lihytina Illiger. Cheek 

 teeth absent. A horny masticatory plate present in oral cavity. About the 

 year 1768 R. stelleri, the Steller's sea-cow, was entirely exterminated. 



Felsinotherium forestii Capellini. Pliocene, near Bologna. Skull 

 and lower jaw, lateral aspect. 1/7. (After Capellini.) 



Order X. PRIMATES. Anthropoid Mammals.^ 



Under the term Primates, Linnaeus included Man, the apes, the lemurs 

 and the bats. The last-named animals have been removed from this order, 

 and there remains a natural group of mammals closely allied to each other in 

 anatomical respects, even though the terminal members in the series (Man and 

 the lemur) apparently have but few characters in common. Three suborders 

 of Primates are recognised, Prosimia, Anthropoidea and Bimana. 



' Broivn, Al., On some Points in the Phylogeuy of the Primates. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 

 1901. — Cope, E. D., The Leniuroidea and the Insectivora of the Eocene of Nortli America. Amer. 

 Naturalist, 1885. — Filhol, H., Ann. Sci. Geol., vols, v., viii., xiv., xvii. — Genais, P., Zoologie 

 et ])aleontologie gentrales, 1876, vol. ii. — Granger, W., and Gregoi~y, IF. K., Revision of 

 Notharctus. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York, 1917. — Gregary, W. K., Relationship of 

 Notharctus. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 26, 1915. Phylogeny of recent and extinct Anthropoids. 

 Ibid., 1916. On the structure and relations of Notharctus. Mem. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1920. — 

 Leche, IT., Untersuchungen iiber das Zahusystem lebender und fossiler Halbaffen. Festsclirift 

 fiir Gegeubaur, Leipzig, 1896. — Osborn, H. F., American Eocene Primates. Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 Nat. Hist., 1902. — Schlosser, J/., Die Atfen, Lemuren, Chiropteren, etc., des europjiischen Tertiiirs. 

 Beitr. zur Palaont. O.st. -Uugar. , 1887, vol. 6. — Beitrag zur Osteologie von Necrolemur und zur 

 Stammesgeschichte der Primateu. Neues Jahrb. fiir Mineral., 1908. Festband. — Stehlin, H. G., 

 Suugetiere des schweiz. Eocrins. VII. Abh. Schweiz. Palaont. Ges., 1912, 1916. — Wiage, Ilerhif, 

 Jordfundne og nu levende Aber (Primates) fra Lagoa Santa, Brasilien. E. Museo Lundii. 

 Copenhagen, 1895. — Wortman, J. L., Studies of Eocene Mammalia in the Marsh Collection. 

 Part ii. Primates. Amer. Journ. Sci., 1903 and 1904. 



