272 PRIMATES ORDER x 



series continuous. Superior molars quadrate, externally with two pyramidal 

 tubercles, internally with two V-shaped cusps and two small intermediate 

 conules ; third molar smaller, trigonodont, with but one internal cusp. Pre- 

 molars tritubercular. Inferior molars quadrate, with two pairs of cones and 

 one weak arcuate conule on the anterior border ; third molar with talonid. 

 Between the canine and second premolar is found a diminutive denticle, 

 pushed out of the series, that evidently represents the first premolar, which 

 was supposed to have disappeared. Calcaneum and navicular elongated as in 

 Tarsius and Chirogaleus. Femur and tibia as in Tarsius. Upper Eocene, 

 Phosphorites ; Quercy. N. antiquus, N. edwardsi Filhol. Bohnerz ; 

 Egerkingen and Mauremont. N. cartieri Riitimeyer. 



Microchoerus Wood. Upper Eocene ; Hordwell, England. Only upper 

 jaws known. 



Family 3. Lemuridae Gray.^ 



This family, which is restricted to Madagascar, is here considered only in 

 connection with the following fossil genera, of which Megalada'pis is especially 

 distinguished by its gigantic size. The extinct forms further differ from the 

 existing lemurs in the more normal structure of the incisors. 



Megaladapis Forsyth Major {Palaeolemur, Mesoadapis Lorenz von Liburnau). 



0.1.3.3. 

 Dental formula : - '''' • Skull long and narrow, with long nasal bones, 



large obliquely placed i^rominent orbits and strong parietal and occipital 

 crests. Superior canine large ; superior premolars with one external and 

 one internal tubercle, rounded trigonodont in cross-section like the superior 

 tritubercular molars. Inferior molars Avith two alternating external and 

 internal tubercles joined by a ridge. Third molar with third lobe ; fourth 

 premolar less complex than the molars. Brain remarkably small, with weak 

 olfactory lobes and distinct cerebellum. Femur like that of Pterodidicus. 

 Early Pleistocene ; Madagascar. M. madagascariensis and insignis, Forsyth 

 Major. The latter species is the largest of all known Primates, with skull 

 over 30 centimetres in length. According to Forsyth Major, the nearest 

 existing allies are Lepidolemur and the Indrisinae. 



Peloriadapis (Thaumastolemur Filhol) and Palaeochirogaleus Grandidier are 

 the size of man, but are very imperfectly known. 



Had ropif heats (Pithecodon) Lorenz von Liburnau. Two incisors, three 

 premolars and three molars. Anterior molars trenchant ; fourth premolar 

 molariform. 



Nesopithecus Forsyth Major (Lophiolemur Filhol ; Globilemur Forsyth 



Major ; Bradylemur Grandidier ; Profoindris Lorenz von Liburnau). Dental 



2.L3.3. 

 formula : ^' ' ' ' • Cranium large, without prominent parietal crest. Eyes 



directed forward ; orbits without septum ; distinct tympanic ring, large osseous 

 bullae. Large ver}^ complicated cerebrum tapering toward the front ; small 



^ Grandidier, G., Les Lemuriens dispanis. Nouvelles Arch, du Musc-um Paris, 1905. — 

 Forsyth Major, C. I., Summary of the present knowledge of extinct Primates fi'om Madagascar. 

 Geol. Mag., 1900. — Lorenz von Liburnau, L., Ausgestorbene Primaten von Madagaskar. Denksclir. 

 Akad. Wiss. Wieu, math.-natnrw. CI., vol. Ixx., 1900. Hadropitliecus. Ibid., vol. Ixxii., 1901. 

 Megaladapis. Ibid., vol. Ixxvii., 1905. — Standing, H. F., Subfossil Primates from Madagascar. 

 Trans. Zool. Soc, vol. xviii., 1908, 



