276 



PEIMATES 



Family 3. Parapithecidae Schlosser. 



Dental formula 

 inclined forwards 



2.1.2-3. 



Fig. 360. 



Incisors small, canine little longer and somewhat 



First premolar simple, without inner tubercles. Molars consisting 

 of two pairs of stout tubercles with a small tubercle 

 behind ; these tubercles alternating in M^ and M^, but 

 opposed in M^. Front half of molar somewhat 

 higher than hinder half. Mandible low, the rami 

 strongly divergent, with weak symphysis. 



In the form and characters of the teeth and 

 jaw, and in the size of the animal, the Para- 

 pithecidae are intermediate between the Anapto- 

 morphidae and Tarsiidae and Pliopithecus of the 

 family Simiidae. 



Parapithecus Schlosser (Fig. 360). Oligocene, 



Parapitheciis fraasi Schlosser* 

 Oligocene, Fayum, Egypt. Lower „ . • o -Li 



jaw from above, i/i. (After Fayum, Egypt. P. jraasi bcniosser 



«°Wosser.) lf..W«,V7,..„. SchloSSer. 



Moeripithecus 

 Known only by second and third lower molars. 



Oligocene, Fayum. 

 31. markgrafi Schlosser. 



Family 4. Oynopithecidae Gill. 



Dental formula 



Molars quadrituhercular above and below, the 



2.1.2.3. 

 2.1.2.3. 



external and internal pairs at times separated by a deep longitudinal furroiv, at times 



united by a transverse crest. 

 Third inferior molar with talon. 

 Premolars bicuspid. Muzzle 

 produced, frequently elongate. 

 Extremities plantigrade. Tail 

 usually long. Ischiatic callosities 

 present. 



To the Oynopithecidae be- 

 long the Old World baboons, 

 macaque, the long-tailed 

 monkey, the short-tailed and 

 the slender monkeys. These 

 step with the whole sole of 

 the foot, nearly always go on 

 all four extremities, and gener- 

 ally possess a more or less 

 elongate tail, as well as cheek- 

 pouches and ischiatic callosi- 

 ties. The fossil forms occur- 

 ring in the Pliocene and 



Pleistocene of Europe and Asia are rather closely allied to existing genera. 

 Oreopithecus Gervais (Fig. 361). Canines weak, above and below. 



Superior molars with two pairs of opposite conical tubercles separated by a 



Fig. 361. 



Oreopithecus hanibolii Gervais. Miocene, Tuscany. A, Upper 

 teeth from Casteani. i/j. (After Ristori.) B, Lower teeth from 

 Jlonte Bamboli. l/i- (Aaer Gervais.) 



