SUBORDER B 



ANTHROPOIDEA 



279 



Premolars simple, the hinder with inner tubercles. Molars low, with small 

 hinder tubercle. Oligocene, Fayum, Egypt. P. haeckeli Schlosser. 



Pliopithecm Gervais {Protopithecus Lartet non Lund) (Figs. 364, 365). 

 Founded on a mandible. Incisors narrow, rather long. Canine stout, but not 

 so high as incisor teeth. Cheek teeth low, compressed ; anterior premolar 

 monocuspid, posterior bicuspid. Inferior molars with two pairs of obliquely 

 arranged obtuse conical tubercles and one weak single conule on the posterior 

 margin, which in the third molar is developed into a talon-like basal cingulum. 

 Middle and Upper Miocene ; Sansan (Gers), Grive-St.-Alban (Isere) and 

 Orleans. Lignite; Elgg, Switzerland, and Goriach, Styria; in the Bavarian 

 Dinotherium sand, and near Oppel, Silesia. In size and dental structure 



PUopithecus antiquus Blainv. sp. Middle 

 Miocene, Sansan (Gers). Lower jaw from 

 above. Vi- (After Blainville.) 



Fig. 366. 



Dryopithecus fontani Lartet. Middle Miocene, 

 St. Gaudens (Haute-Garonne). Lower jaw from 

 above, '^/i. (After Gaudry.) 



P. antiquus Blainville sp. { = P. platyodon Biedermann) approaches the existing 

 gibbon (Hylobates) of southern India. 



Palaeopithecus Lydekker. Only upper jaw known. Lower Pliocene ; 

 Siwalik deposits, Zobi, Punjab. Closely approximating the chimpanzee in 

 size. The two premolars relatively small, short and broad. Molars 

 rhomboid quadritubercular, smooth, anthropoid. Diastema between the 

 stout canine and the incisors. P. sivalensis Lydekker. 



Sivapithecus Pilgrim. Lower fourth premolar small, lower molars scarcely 

 longer than broad, with almost smooth tubercles. Upper molars very broad. 

 Lower and Middle Siwalik deposits. S. indicus Pilgrim. 



Dryopithecus Lartet (PaidopUhex Pohlig ; Pliohjlohates Dubois) (Fig. 366). 

 Rami of mandible deep, nearly parallel, with weak incisors inclined forward 

 and stout canine. Third premolar large, deep, monocuspid, with internal 

 basal cingulum. Fourth premolar longer than broad, with two cusps and a 

 cup-shaped talon. Inferior molars with two low alternating external and 

 internal tubercles, and a single posterior cusp on the third molar in place of 

 a bicuspid talonid. Superior molars with two external and two subequal 

 internal cusps, the internal being joined to the external tubercles by a ridge. 



