SUBORDER c BIMANA 281 



Upper surface of all molars strongly rugose. Humerus from St. Gaudens 

 slender and much shorter than the femur from Eppelsheim, which is little 

 thickened distally. Upper Miocene ; St. Gaudens, Haute Garonne ; Seo 

 de Urgel, L^rida, Spain. D. fontani Lartet. Lower Pliocene ; Eppelsheim, 

 and Bohnerz of Salmendingen, Melchingen and Trochtelfingen. D. rhenanus 

 Pohlig sp. Dryopithecus approximated the chimpanzee in size, and may be the 

 common ancestor of the latter and the orang. 



Anthropodus Schlosser. Inferior third molar much longer than broad, 

 with low tubercles, large talon, and strongly rugose enamel. Lower Pliocene 

 (Bohnerz), Salmendingen. A. brancoi Schlosser. There are some resemblances 

 to Pithecanthropus and Homo. 



Australopithecus Dart.^ Immature skull with milk dentition, of uncertain 

 geological age, from Taungs, Bechuanaland, S. Africa. 



Suborder C. BIMANA. Man. 2 



(Hominidae Schlosser.) 



Gait erect. Manus with opposable thumb. Pes plantigrade, hallux not 



2 L2.3. 

 opposable. All fingers and toes ivith smooth nails. Dentition : ]^' ' ' ' • Teeth 



in completely continuous series, without diastema; canines weak, not protuberant. 

 Orbits shut off by a bony wall posteriorly. Pioof of skull without sagittal crest. Brain 

 large, with deep and very numerous convolutions. 



Pithecanthropus Dubois.^ Cranial roof narrow, but little arched, dolicho- 

 cephalic, with postorbital constriction. Third superior molar strongly 

 reduced, with many rugosities, without distinct cusps. Femur long, slender, 

 exactly fitted for an upright gait. P. erectus Dubois. Upper Pliocene or 

 Lower Pleistocene ; Trinil, Java. 



1 Dart, R. A., Nature, vol. 115, 1925, p. 195. 



^ Birkner, F., Die altesteu menschlichen Knocheureste, Beitrage zur Aiithr. und Urgeschichte 

 Bayerns, vol. 18, 1909. — Boule, M., Les Grottes de Griraaldi. L'Anthrop., 1906. — Observation 

 sur un silex taille et sur la clironologie de M. Penck. L'Anthrop., 1908. — Bouh, M., L'Homme 

 fossile de la Chapelle-aux-Saiuts. Annales Paleont., 1911-13 — Les Hommes fossiles, ed. 2. Paris, 

 1923 (English translation by Eitchie. Edinburgh, 1924). — Burkitt, M. C, Prehistory, ed. 2. Cam- 

 bridge, 1925. —ffrdli^ka, A., Early Man in South America. Smithson. Inst. Bureau Amer. Ethnol., 

 Bull. 52, 1912. — Recent Discoveries attributed to Early Man in America. Ibid., Bull. 66, 1918. — 

 Johnson, J. P., Prehistoric Period in South Africa, ed. 2. London, 1912. — Keith, A., The Anti- 

 quity of Man, ed. 2. London, 1925. — Klaatsch, H., Die neuesten Ergebnisse der Palaontologie des 

 Menschens. Zeitschr. f. Ethnol., 1909. — Kramherger, Gorjanovic, Derdiluviale Mensch von Krapina. 

 Wiesbaden, 1906. — Lehmann-Nitsche, Nouvelles recherches sur la formation Pampeenne et I'homme 

 fossile de la Rep. Argentine. Revista del Museo de La Plata, 1907, vol. 14. — Maccdister, R. A. S., 

 Text-book of European Archaeology, vol. i. Cambridge, 1921. — Obermaier, II., El Hombre fosil. 

 Museo Nacional, Madrid, 1916 (English translation, New York, 1924). — Obermaier, H., Les Restes 

 humaines quaternaires. L'Anthr., 1905 and 1906. — Les Formations glaciaires des Alpes. L'Anthr., 

 1909. — Die Steingerate des franz. Altpalaolithikums. Mitteil. Prahist. Komm. Kaiserl. Akad. 

 Wien, 1908.— Osiorji, H. F., Men of the Old Stone Age. New York, 1915 (and later editions). 

 — Schmidt, R„ Die diluviale Vorzeit Deutschlands. Stuttgart, 1912. — Schoetensack, 0., Der Unter- 

 kiefer des Homo heidelbergensis. Leipzig, 1908. — Schwalbe, G., Der Neandertalschiidel. Bonner 

 Jahrb., 1901. — Zur Frage der Abstammung der Menschen. Zeitschr. f. Morph. u. Anthr., 

 1906. — Sottas, W. J., Ancient Hunters, ed. 3. London, 1924. — Vemeaii, R., Les Fossiles aux 

 Baousse Rousse. Un nouveau type humain. L'Anthr., 1902. — Les Grottes de Grimaldi. L'Anthr., 

 1906.— British Museum Guide to the Fossil Remains of Man, ed. 3. London, 1922. 



^ Dubois, E., Pithecanthropus erectus, eine mensch enahnliche Ubergangsform aus Java. 

 Batavia, 1894. — Schwalbe, G., Studieu tiber Pithecanthropus. Zeitschrift fur Morph. u. 

 Anthr., 1899. 



