SUBORDER C 



BIMANA 



285 



bones and antlers of the reindeer were used for fashioning implements and 

 ornamental objects, and of especial interest are the characteristic repre- 

 sentations that Man of the older Stone Age carved on bone and ivory 

 (Figs. 369-371). These were evidently done with flint chips, and are not 

 without merit, being easily distinguished as figures of the mammoth, ox, bison, 

 reindeer and horse, possibly also the Saiga antelope. Coloured designs and 



Fig. 370. 

 Arrow-straiglitener of reindeer antler, with drawings of Horses. Magdalenian, Dordogne. 



incised outlines of these animals were also placed on the walls of caves, the 

 paintings being most abundant in the Dordogne (Fig. 372) and in northern 

 Spain. Carvings and engravings on bone and on slabs of stone are known 

 from the caves in the Dordogne and Belgium, as well as from Schweizersbild 

 and Kesslerloch, near Schaffhausen, drawings of the horse and reindeer being 

 especially noted here. Yet the really artistic products, the carvings on ivory, 

 pertain to a relatively early period, for they certainly occur in an inter- 



Drawing of Mammoth on ivory. 



Fio. 371. 

 Cave of La Madelaiue, Dordogne. 



1/3. (After Lartet and Christy.) 



glacial deposit, while the Man of Schweizersbild did not live until after the 

 last glaciation, when the Mammoth was very rare and Rhinoceros antiquitatis 

 was wholly extinct. However, representations of the Mammoth have been 

 found at Schaffhausen, which are far inferior in accuracy to those from the 

 caves of La Madelaine in the Dordogne. These pictorial delineations not 

 only furnish a convincing argument for the contemporaneity of Man and 

 Mammoth, but the discoveries in Schweizersbild and in the Loess of Bohemia 

 and Moravia equally prove that Man hunted this animal and lived on its 

 flesh, for only thus could the accumulation of its bones here observed be 

 explained. These remains pertain chiefly to young individuals, and are 

 frequently broken open and burnt. Palaeolithic implements are known 

 practically throughout Europe, and are not merely restricted to caves, 

 but also occur in undoubted Pleistocene gravels and clays. The flints 



